Genre and place in the book. The tenth passage opens with «Πάντα οὖν ῥίψας» — "having cast away all, then": the particle οὖν binds it to what precedes (the discipline-of-assent foundation of 03-09, the sage-portraits). A compact exhortation: hold only the few essential things, and remember that you live only the present moment — and that everything (life, place, fame) is small. It joins the discipline of the present (TERMτὸ παρόν) with the view from above (EXERCISEview-from-above).

Structure.

1. The injunction: cast away all (πάντα ῥίψας), hold the few (τὰ ὀλίγα σύνεχε) — reduce to the essential (cf. Med. 4.24: "do few things, if you would have tranquillity").
2. The memento of the present: μόνον ζῇ ἕκαστος τὸ παρὸν τοῦτο, τὸ ἀκαριαῖον — "each lives only this present, the fleeting instant"; the rest is either already-lived (βεβίωται) or in the uncertain (ἐν ἀδήλῳ). You possess only the indivisible "now" (τὸ ἀκαριαῖον — "uncuttable," too brief to divide).
3. The threefold smallness (μικρόν… μικρόν… μικρόν):

• small is the [life] each one lives;
• small the corner of the earth (γῆς γωνίδιον) where he lives;
• small even the longest posthumous fame (μηκίστη ὑστεροφημία) — and that carried by a succession (διαδοχή) of "manikins" (ἀνθρωπάρια — a contemptuous diminutive) who will very soon die and "do not know even themselves," much less the long-dead.

Key analyses.

• τὸ παρόν — the present moment. TERMThe present is the only thing actually lived: the past is gone (βεβίωται), the future uncertain (ἐν ἀδήλῳ). τὸ ἀκαριαῖον ("the instantaneous," from ἀ-κείρω, "uncuttable") — the "now" as an indivisible point. This is the discipline of the present: concentrate on the now, the only thing real and the only thing that can be lost (cf. Med. 2.14: "one can lose neither past nor future — for what one does not have cannot be taken; only the present is lost").
• The view from above (smallness). The threefold μικρόν shrinks the three objects of human craving: long life, a place/territory, lasting fame. From the cosmic-temporal height (EXERCISEview-from-above), each is tiny. The "corner of the earth" is the spatial view from above; "the longest fame is small" the temporal.
• ὑστεροφημία — fame as nothing. The longest posthumous fame is still small, and it hangs on a succession of ἀνθρωπάρια (petty mortals) who die fast and "do not know even themselves" — let alone the one they supposedly remember. A devastating deflation of the craving for glory: your "immortal fame" is a rumour among ignorant, soon-dead nobodies (cf. 02-17 ὑστεροφημία λήθη — after-fame is oblivion; 4.33). The diminutive ἀνθρωπάρια drips contempt.
• πάντα ῥίψας… τὰ ὀλίγα — simplification. "Cast away all, hold the few": the essential = the present moment + the few true goods (the rational good of 03-06/03-07); everything else (the past, future-anxiety, the craving for fame and territory) is dropped (cf. 4.24 ὀλίγα πρῆσσε; the Democritean εὐθυμία-through-fewness; see democritus).

The disciplines. The leading one is desire (the relativization/devaluation of long life, place, and fame through the view from above; the letting-go of past and future). The secondary is assent (the present as the locus; holding only the few true judgements). The discipline of the present appears here in its desire-aspect: accepting that the present is all that is given.

Stylistics. The opening participle πάντα ῥίψας (a sweeping gesture). The threefold anaphora μικρόν… μικρόν… μικρόν (the smallness hammered home). The contemptuous diminutives γωνίδιον (little corner), ἀνθρωπάρια (manikins). τὸ ἀκαριαῖον (the razor-thin instant). The bleak closing chain (manikins → soon dead → ignorant of themselves → much less of the long-dead).

Parallels. The present moment — Med. 2.14 (only the present can be lost); 7.29; 8.36; 12.26; 12.3; TERMparon. The view from above / smallness — Med. 4.3 (the earth a point); 6.36; 8.21; 9.30 ("look down from above" — the herds, the speck); 12.32; EXERCISEview-from-above. After-fame as oblivion — Med. 2.17 (ὑστεροφημία λήθη); 4.19; 4.33 (the forgotten famous); 8.44. "Do few things" / simplification — Med. 4.24; 2.5.