EXERCISEDiscipline of desire

Contemplation of nature — φυσική as a spiritual exercise

§ IDescription

An exercise of the discipline of desire in which consciousness contemplates any natural process — decay, withering, and the outwardly repellent included — and recognises in it the place, the necessity, and the beauty of the whole. If in a providentially ordered cosmos nothing is "ugly by nature," then the task of the practitioner is to replace the spontaneous value-judgment ("ugly," "repulsive") with a perception for which even the by-products (τὰ ἐπιγινόμενα) of natural processes "co-adorn" the whole and charm the soul. This is "physics as therapy": an attentive look at the workings of φύσις calms and reconciles, and the acceptance of all that nature brings is amor fati extended to aesthetics. Hadot counts φυσιολογία (the contemplation of nature) among Marcus's central Stoic exercises, alongside the view from above.

§ IITechnique

(1) Take any natural object or event, including the humble, the perishing, or the repellent (the cracked crust, the over-ripe olive "at the very edge of rot," the foam from the boar's mouth, old age, death). (2) Refer it to the Whole — see it as an ἐπακολούθημα, a consequence of the providential process, not as a chance defect (the Stoic natura artifex: nature is the supreme artist, whose products need no improvement). (3) Strip away the spontaneous verdict "ugly/repulsive" and hold instead the judgment "a natural flowering, fitting within the whole." (4) Let this pass over into χαρά — the good joy of contemplation — not the vicious ἡδονή of possession. (5) Ascend from the easy cases (bread, fruit) to the hardest (decay, ageing, one's own death): the same operation that grounds amor fati. The organ that makes it possible is oikeiōsis toward nature herself: only the one "genuinely made akin" to φύσις (γνησίως ᾠκειωμένος) sees the beauty in all her works.

EXERCISEDiscipline of desire

Contemplation of nature — φυσική as a spiritual exercise

Appears in21
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§ IDescription

An exercise of the discipline of desire in which consciousness contemplates any natural process — decay, withering, and the outwardly repellent included — and recognises in it the place, the necessity, and the beauty of the whole. If in a providentially ordered cosmos nothing is "ugly by nature," then the task of the practitioner is to replace the spontaneous value-judgment ("ugly," "repulsive") with a perception for which even the by-products (τὰ ἐπιγινόμενα) of natural processes "co-adorn" the whole and charm the soul. This is "physics as therapy": an attentive look at the workings of φύσις calms and reconciles, and the acceptance of all that nature brings is amor fati extended to aesthetics. Hadot counts φυσιολογία (the contemplation of nature) among Marcus's central Stoic exercises, alongside the view from above.

§ IITechnique

(1) Take any natural object or event, including the humble, the perishing, or the repellent (the cracked crust, the over-ripe olive "at the very edge of rot," the foam from the boar's mouth, old age, death). (2) Refer it to the Whole — see it as an ἐπακολούθημα, a consequence of the providential process, not as a chance defect (the Stoic natura artifex: nature is the supreme artist, whose products need no improvement). (3) Strip away the spontaneous verdict "ugly/repulsive" and hold instead the judgment "a natural flowering, fitting within the whole." (4) Let this pass over into χαρά — the good joy of contemplation — not the vicious ἡδονή of possession. (5) Ascend from the easy cases (bread, fruit) to the hardest (decay, ageing, one's own death): the same operation that grounds amor fati. The organ that makes it possible is oikeiōsis toward nature herself: only the one "genuinely made akin" to φύσις (γνησίως ᾠκειωμένος) sees the beauty in all her works.

Appears in21
3.2We ought to observe also that even the things which follow after the things which are produced according to nature contain something pleasing and attractive. Fo…4.36Observe constantly that all things take place by change, and accustom thyself to consider that the nature of the Universe loves nothing so much as to change the…4.40Constantly regard the universe as one living being, having one substance and one soul; and observe how all things have reference to one perception, the percepti…4.43Time is like a river made up of the events which happen, and a violent stream; for as soon as a thing has been seen, it is carried away, and another comes in it…4.45In the series of things those which follow are always aptly fitted to those which have gone before; for this series is not like a mere enumeration of disjointed…5.13I consist of the formal and the material; and neither of them will perish into non-existence, as neither of them came into existence out of non-existence. Every…5.23Often think of the rapidity with which things pass by and disappear, both the things which are and the things which are produced. For substance is like a river …5.32Why do unskilled and ignorant souls disturb him who has skill and knowledge? What soul then has skill and knowledge? That which knows beginning and end, and kno…6.1The substance of the universe is obedient and compliant; and the reason which governs it has in itself no cause for doing evil, for it has no malice, nor does i…6.4All existing things soon change, and they will either be reduced to vapour, if indeed all substance is one, or they will be dispersed. (Long)6.15Some things are hurrying into existence, and others are hurrying out of it; and of that which is coming into existence part is already extinguished. Motions and…6.25Consider how many things in the same indivisible time take place in each of us, things which concern the body and things which concern the soul: and so thou wil…6.37He who has seen present things has seen all, both everything which has taken place from all eternity and everything which will be for time without end; for all …6.38Frequently consider the connexion of all things in the universe and their relation to one another. For in a manner all things are implicated with one another, a…7.47Look round at the courses of the stars, as if thou wert going along with them; and constantly consider the changes of the elements into one another, for such th…8.26It is satisfaction to a man to do the proper works of a man. Now it is a proper work of a man to be benevolent to his own kind, to despise the movements of the …8.50A cucumber is bitter.- Throw it away.- There are briars in the road.- Turn aside from them. This is enough. Do not add, And why were such things made in the wor…9.8Among the animals which have not reason one life is distributed; but among reasonable animals one intelligent soul is distributed: just as there is one earth of…9.19All things are changing: and thou thyself art in continuous mutation and in a manner in continuous destruction, and the whole universe too. (Long)9.28The periodic movements of the universe are the same, up and down from age to age. And either the universal intelligence puts itself in motion for every separate…9.32Thou canst remove out of the way many useless things among those which disturb thee, for they lie entirely in thy opinion; and thou wilt then gain for thyself a…
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