MED. 10.28Discipline of desire
George Long · 1862EN · Long

TERMImagine every man who is TERMgrieved at anything or discontented to be like a pig which is sacrificed and kicks and screams. Like this pig also is he who on his bed in silence laments the bonds in which we are held. And consider that DOGMAonly to the rational animal is it given to follow voluntarily what happens; but simply to follow is a necessity imposed on all.

Original · ancient Greek

Φαντάζου πάντα τὸν ἐφ’ ᾡτινιοῦν λυπούμενον ἢ δυσαρεστοῦντα ὅμοιον τῷ θυομένῳ χοιριδίῳ καὶ ἀπολακτίζοντι καὶ κεκραγότι· ὅμοιος καὶ ὁ οἰμώζων ἐπὶ τοῦ κλινιδίου μόνος σιωπῇ. τὴν ἔνδεσιν ἡμῶν καὶ ὅτι μόνῳ τῷ λογικῷ ζῴῳ δέδοται τὸ ἑκουσίως ἕπεσθαι τοῖς γινομένοις, τὸ δὲ ἕπεσθαι ψιλὸν πᾶσιν ἀναγκαῖον.

Leopold · Teubner 1908
Commentary

A command to the imagination. The passage opens with TERMΦαντάζου — "picture to yourself," the verb from which φαντασία is formed. It is a rare case in Marcus where the exercise is set as work with an image: not "reason it out" but "imagine" — and keep the image ready against the hour when you begin to murmur yourself.

The piglet and its silent double. The first image is deliberately coarse: the man who TERMgrieves is like a χοιρίδιον at the sacrifice, kicking and squealing (ἀπολακτίζοντι καὶ κεκραγότι). But the force of the passage lies in the second sentence: ὅμοιος καὶ ὁ οἰμώζων ἐπὶ τοῦ κλινιδίου μόνος σιωπῇ — "like it too is the man who laments on his bed, alone and in silence." Marcus closes the loophole: restraint does not save. The squealing piglet and the silently grieving philosopher differ in volume, not in position — both are kicking in the same cord. Both nouns are diminutives (χοιρίδιον, κλινίδιον), which rhymes them together.

ἔνδεσις. A rare word — "a being bound, a tether." Not "fate" or "necessity" as abstractions, but literally the thing the sacrificial piglet is tied with. And so the second half of the passage reads as a continuation of the image rather than a turn to theory.

The one difference. DOGMAμόνῳ τῷ λογικῷ ζῴῳ δέδοται τὸ ἑκουσίως ἕπεσθαι — "to the rational animal alone it is given to follow willingly," τὸ δὲ ἕπεσθαι ψιλὸν πᾶσιν ἀναγκαῖον — "but to follow bare is a necessity for all." The choice is not between going and not going but between two ways of going. The classic formulation of the same is Cleanthes', in Seneca's rendering: ducunt volentem fata, nolentem trahunt. Cf. 10.25 (the griever is a runaway slave) and 6.42 (all cooperate, even the one who resists). The governing discipline is desire, the sustaining one assent.

DisciplineDiscipline of desire
Record added2026-07-16
Statuspublished
Discipline of desire

Original · ancient Greek

Φαντάζου πάντα τὸν ἐφ’ ᾡτινιοῦν λυπούμενον ἢ δυσαρεστοῦντα ὅμοιον τῷ θυομένῳ χοιριδίῳ καὶ ἀπολακτίζοντι καὶ κεκραγότι· ὅμοιος καὶ ὁ οἰμώζων ἐπὶ τοῦ κλινιδίου μόνος σιωπῇ. τὴν ἔνδεσιν ἡμῶν καὶ ὅτι μόνῳ τῷ λογικῷ ζῴῳ δέδοται τὸ ἑκουσίως ἕπεσθαι τοῖς γινομένοις, τὸ δὲ ἕπεσθαι ψιλὸν πᾶσιν ἀναγκαῖον.

Leopold · Teubner 1908
Related3
Commentary

A command to the imagination. The passage opens with TERMΦαντάζου — "picture to yourself," the verb from which φαντασία is formed. It is a rare case in Marcus where the exercise is set as work with an image: not "reason it out" but "imagine" — and keep the image ready against the hour when you begin to murmur yourself.

The piglet and its silent double. The first image is deliberately coarse: the man who TERMgrieves is like a χοιρίδιον at the sacrifice, kicking and squealing (ἀπολακτίζοντι καὶ κεκραγότι). But the force of the passage lies in the second sentence: ὅμοιος καὶ ὁ οἰμώζων ἐπὶ τοῦ κλινιδίου μόνος σιωπῇ — "like it too is the man who laments on his bed, alone and in silence." Marcus closes the loophole: restraint does not save. The squealing piglet and the silently grieving philosopher differ in volume, not in position — both are kicking in the same cord. Both nouns are diminutives (χοιρίδιον, κλινίδιον), which rhymes them together.

ἔνδεσις. A rare word — "a being bound, a tether." Not "fate" or "necessity" as abstractions, but literally the thing the sacrificial piglet is tied with. And so the second half of the passage reads as a continuation of the image rather than a turn to theory.

The one difference. DOGMAμόνῳ τῷ λογικῷ ζῴῳ δέδοται τὸ ἑκουσίως ἕπεσθαι — "to the rational animal alone it is given to follow willingly," τὸ δὲ ἕπεσθαι ψιλὸν πᾶσιν ἀναγκαῖον — "but to follow bare is a necessity for all." The choice is not between going and not going but between two ways of going. The classic formulation of the same is Cleanthes', in Seneca's rendering: ducunt volentem fata, nolentem trahunt. Cf. 10.25 (the griever is a runaway slave) and 6.42 (all cooperate, even the one who resists). The governing discipline is desire, the sustaining one assent.

DisciplineDiscipline of desire
Record added2026-07-16
Statuspublished