DOGMA

Amor fati — accepting what happens as a rational order

§ IFormulation

Everything that happens is a link in the single chain of causes (TERMεἱμαρμένη), identical with the reason of the cosmos. Vexation at what happens is therefore vexation at the rational order itself, of which the human being is a part. The sage accepts every event as occurring κατὰ φύσιν — not because it is "pleasant," but because non-acceptance is a category error: it demands that the whole be ordered otherwise, and this is meaningless. This act of assent to what happens is what Hadot calls "the discipline of desire" (φιλεῖν τὸ συμβαῖνον — "to love what happens").

§ IISources in tradition

SVF II 974–975 (Chrysippus on fate and assent); the classical formulation in Cleanthes' hymn to Zeus — ἄγου δέ μ', ὦ Ζεῦ, καὶ σύ γ' ἡ Πεπρωμένη ("lead me, Zeus, and you, Destiny," SVF I 527, cited in Epict. Ench. 53); Cic. De fin. III 75; Sen. Ep. 107.11; Epict. Ench. 8 ("do not wish that what happens should happen as you would have it; wish that it should happen as it does"). In Marcus: Med. 2.2; 4.34; 05-08; 05-10; 05-23 (consider the speed of the flux of things — accept the flow); 05-24 (you are a tiny part of substance and time: accept your lot); 05-27; 06-39 (adapt to your lot, συνάρμοζε; and love the co-allotted truly); 06-44 (what the gods send by the common sequence — to welcome and love); 06-49 (contentment with the allotted span — as with the allotted substance, στέργεις); 07-41 (a verse of Euripides: even neglect by the gods "has its λόγος"); 07-46 (Plato, Gorgias: entrust the span to god — none escapes fate; consider only how to live it best); 07-51 (a verse: bear the wind from god without lament, ἀνοδύρτοις); 07-54 (θεοσεβῶς εὐαρεστεῖν τῇ παρούσῃ συμβάσει — the first member of the triad); 07-57 (the purest formula: love only τὸ συμβαῖνον καὶ συγκλωθόμενον — what is "spun together with you"); 07-68 (πᾶν τὸ συμβαῖνον ἐξοικειοῦται — all is "made kin," neither new nor unmanageable); 08-05 (μὴ ταράσσου: all is by the nature of the Whole; not to be troubled at the world's order); 08-06 (πάντα τροπαί, μή τι καινόν — not to fear change as though "new"); 08-07 (ἀσπάζεσθαι τὸ ὑπὸ τῆς κοινῆς φύσεως ἀπονεμόμενον — to welcome what the common nature assigns); 08-09 (not to grumble at court life or one's own); 08-15 (not to wonder at what the world produces by nature — as the fig-tree its figs); 08-18 (the elements change "and do not murmur" — οὐ γογγύζει); 08-20 (the end is an equal phase, no evil: the ball's descent is planned); 08-32 (to be content with the hindrance and shift good-temperedly to what is allowed); 08-34 (whoever will not accept what happens cuts himself from the Whole); 08-35 (to accept the hindrance = to turn it into one's own material); 08-43 (not to turn from what befalls people, but to receive it with kindly eyes); 08-45 ("cast me where you will" — the daimon is propitious everywhere); 08-46 (each meets only what is natural to it; the common nature brings nothing unbearable); 08-50 (do not add "why is there such a thing?" — throw the bitter cucumber, turn from the brambles); 09-03 (εὐαρέστει τῷ θανάτῳ — be glad of death as one of the things nature wills); 09-06 (εὐαρεστική διάθεσις — glad acceptance of all from the "external cause": the third member of the triad of disciplines); 09-35 (loss = change, in which the nature of the Whole "delights" (χαίρει) — to accept the loss as a change of form); 09-37 (ἅλις τοῦ γογγυσμοῦ — "enough of murmuring": murmuring is precisely the refusal to accept what is given); 10.5; 12.14. The Latin phrase amor fati as a term is late (Nietzsche, Ecce Homo), but it captures the Stoic content precisely.

§ IIINotes

In 02-02 this doctrine stands in the closing imperative: "do not be vexed at your present lot, and do not fear what is to come." Linked to dichotomy-of-control: what is not up to us is also not a topic for discussion — it has already happened or will happen by nature. The objection usually directed at this doctrine ("it means putting up with injustice") does not work in Stoic coordinates: consent to what happens does not annul action; it only relieves the ruling part of the unnecessary burden of protest — so that action can be precise rather than reactive.

DOGMA

Amor fati — accepting what happens as a rational order

Appears in63
Related3
Sections3

§ IFormulation

Everything that happens is a link in the single chain of causes (TERMεἱμαρμένη), identical with the reason of the cosmos. Vexation at what happens is therefore vexation at the rational order itself, of which the human being is a part. The sage accepts every event as occurring κατὰ φύσιν — not because it is "pleasant," but because non-acceptance is a category error: it demands that the whole be ordered otherwise, and this is meaningless. This act of assent to what happens is what Hadot calls "the discipline of desire" (φιλεῖν τὸ συμβαῖνον — "to love what happens").

§ IISources in tradition

SVF II 974–975 (Chrysippus on fate and assent); the classical formulation in Cleanthes' hymn to Zeus — ἄγου δέ μ', ὦ Ζεῦ, καὶ σύ γ' ἡ Πεπρωμένη ("lead me, Zeus, and you, Destiny," SVF I 527, cited in Epict. Ench. 53); Cic. De fin. III 75; Sen. Ep. 107.11; Epict. Ench. 8 ("do not wish that what happens should happen as you would have it; wish that it should happen as it does"). In Marcus: Med. 2.2; 4.34; 05-08; 05-10; 05-23 (consider the speed of the flux of things — accept the flow); 05-24 (you are a tiny part of substance and time: accept your lot); 05-27; 06-39 (adapt to your lot, συνάρμοζε; and love the co-allotted truly); 06-44 (what the gods send by the common sequence — to welcome and love); 06-49 (contentment with the allotted span — as with the allotted substance, στέργεις); 07-41 (a verse of Euripides: even neglect by the gods "has its λόγος"); 07-46 (Plato, Gorgias: entrust the span to god — none escapes fate; consider only how to live it best); 07-51 (a verse: bear the wind from god without lament, ἀνοδύρτοις); 07-54 (θεοσεβῶς εὐαρεστεῖν τῇ παρούσῃ συμβάσει — the first member of the triad); 07-57 (the purest formula: love only τὸ συμβαῖνον καὶ συγκλωθόμενον — what is "spun together with you"); 07-68 (πᾶν τὸ συμβαῖνον ἐξοικειοῦται — all is "made kin," neither new nor unmanageable); 08-05 (μὴ ταράσσου: all is by the nature of the Whole; not to be troubled at the world's order); 08-06 (πάντα τροπαί, μή τι καινόν — not to fear change as though "new"); 08-07 (ἀσπάζεσθαι τὸ ὑπὸ τῆς κοινῆς φύσεως ἀπονεμόμενον — to welcome what the common nature assigns); 08-09 (not to grumble at court life or one's own); 08-15 (not to wonder at what the world produces by nature — as the fig-tree its figs); 08-18 (the elements change "and do not murmur" — οὐ γογγύζει); 08-20 (the end is an equal phase, no evil: the ball's descent is planned); 08-32 (to be content with the hindrance and shift good-temperedly to what is allowed); 08-34 (whoever will not accept what happens cuts himself from the Whole); 08-35 (to accept the hindrance = to turn it into one's own material); 08-43 (not to turn from what befalls people, but to receive it with kindly eyes); 08-45 ("cast me where you will" — the daimon is propitious everywhere); 08-46 (each meets only what is natural to it; the common nature brings nothing unbearable); 08-50 (do not add "why is there such a thing?" — throw the bitter cucumber, turn from the brambles); 09-03 (εὐαρέστει τῷ θανάτῳ — be glad of death as one of the things nature wills); 09-06 (εὐαρεστική διάθεσις — glad acceptance of all from the "external cause": the third member of the triad of disciplines); 09-35 (loss = change, in which the nature of the Whole "delights" (χαίρει) — to accept the loss as a change of form); 09-37 (ἅλις τοῦ γογγυσμοῦ — "enough of murmuring": murmuring is precisely the refusal to accept what is given); 10.5; 12.14. The Latin phrase amor fati as a term is late (Nietzsche, Ecce Homo), but it captures the Stoic content precisely.

§ IIINotes

In 02-02 this doctrine stands in the closing imperative: "do not be vexed at your present lot, and do not fear what is to come." Linked to dichotomy-of-control: what is not up to us is also not a topic for discussion — it has already happened or will happen by nature. The objection usually directed at this doctrine ("it means putting up with injustice") does not work in Stoic coordinates: consent to what happens does not annul action; it only relieves the ruling part of the unnecessary burden of protest — so that action can be precise rather than reactive.

Related3
Appears in63
2.2Whatever this is that I am, it is a little flesh and breath, and the ruling part. Throw away thy books; no longer distract thyself: it is not allowed; but as if…2.3All that is from the gods is full of Providence. That which is from fortune is not separated from nature or without an interweaving and involution with the thin…2.5Every moment think steadily as a Roman and a man to do what thou hast in hand with perfect and simple dignity, and feeling of affection, and freedom, and justic…2.13Nothing is more wretched than a man who traverses everything in a round, and pries into the things beneath the earth, as the poet says,​ and seeks by conjecture…2.14Though thou shouldst be going to live three thousand years, and as many times ten thousand years, still remember that no man loses any other life than this whic…2.16The soul of man does violence to itself, first of all, when it becomes an abscess and, as it were, a tumour on the universe, so far as it can. For to be vexed a…2.17Of human life the time is a point, and the substance is in a flux, and the perception dull, and the composition of the whole body subject to putrefaction, and t…3.4Do not waste the remainder of thy life in thoughts about others, when thou dost not refer thy thoughts to some object of common utility. For thou losest the opp…3.6If thou findest in human life anything better than justice, truth, temperance, fortitude, and, in a word, anything better than thy own mind's self-satisfaction …3.16Body, soul, intelligence: to the body belong sensations, to the soul appetites, to the intelligence principles. To receive the impressions of forms by means of …4.1That which rules within, when it is according to nature, is so affected with respect to the events which happen, that it always easily adapts itself to that whi…4.3Men seek retreats for themselves, houses in the country, sea-shores, and mountains; and thou too art wont to desire such things very much. But this is altogethe…4.6It is natural that these things should be done by such persons, it is a matter of necessity; and if a man will not have it so, he will not allow the fig-tree to…4.9The nature of that which is universally useful has been compelled to do this. (Long)4.23Everything harmonizes with me, which is harmonious to thee, O Universe. Nothing for me is too early nor too late, which is in due time for thee. Everything is f…4.25Try how the life of the good man suits thee, the life of him who is satisfied with his portion out of the whole, and satisfied with his own just acts and benevo…4.26Hast thou seen those things? Look also at these. Do not disturb thyself. Make thyself all simplicity. Does any one do wrong? It is to himself that he does the w…4.29If he is a stranger to the universe who does not know what is in it, no less is he a stranger who does not know what is going on in it. He is a runaway, who fli…4.31Love the art, poor as it may be, which thou hast learned, and be content with it; and pass through the rest of life like one who has intrusted to the gods with …4.33The words which were formerly familiar are now antiquated: so also the names of those who were famed of old, are now in a manner antiquated, Camillus, Caeso, Vo…4.34Willingly give thyself up to Clotho​, one of the Fates, allowing her to spin thy thread into whatever things she pleases. (Long)4.44Everything which happens is as familiar and well known as the rose in spring and the fruit in summer; for such is disease, and death, and calumny, and treachery…4.48Think continually how many physicians are dead after often contracting their eyebrows over the sick; and how many astrologers after predicting with great preten…5.8Just as we must understand when it is said, That Aesculapius prescribed to this man horse-exercise, or bathing in cold water or going without shoes; so we must …5.10Things are in such a kind of envelopment that they have seemed to philosophers, not a few nor those common philosophers, altogether unintelligible; nay even to …5.18Nothing happens to any man that he is not formed by Nature to bear. The same things happen to another, and either because he does not see that they have happene…5.23Often think of the rapidity with which things pass by and disappear, both the things which are and the things which are produced. For substance is like a river …5.24Think of the universal substance, of which thou hast a very small portion; and of universal time, of which a short and indivisible interval has been assigned to…5.27Live with the gods. And he does live with the gods who constantly shows to them that his own soul is satisfied with that which is assigned to him, and that it d…6.1The substance of the universe is obedient and compliant; and the reason which governs it has in itself no cause for doing evil, for it has no malice, nor does i…6.4All existing things soon change, and they will either be reduced to vapour, if indeed all substance is one, or they will be dispersed. (Long)6.15Some things are hurrying into existence, and others are hurrying out of it; and of that which is coming into existence part is already extinguished. Motions and…6.16Neither is transpiration, as in plants, a thing to be valued, nor respiration, as in domesticated animals and wild beasts, nor the receiving of impressions by t…6.39Adapt thyself to the things with which thy lot has been cast: and the men among whom thy lot has been cast, love them, but do it truly, sincerely. (Long)6.44If the gods have determined about me and about the things which must happen to me, they have determined well, for it is not easy even to imagine a deity without…6.49Thou art not dissatisfied, I suppose, because thou weighest only so many litrae and not three hundred. Be not dissatisfied then that thou must live only so many…7.41If gods care not for me and my children, There is a reason for it. (Long)7.46But, my good friend, reflect whether that which is noble and good is not something different from saving and being saved; for as to a man living such or such a …7.51With food and drinks and cunning magic arts Turning the channel's course to 'scape from death. The breeze which heaven has sent We must endure, and toil without…7.52Another may be more expert in casting his opponent; but he is not more social, nor more modest, nor better disciplined to meet all that happens, nor more consid…7.54Everywhere and at all times it is in thy power piously to acquiesce in thy present condition, and to behave justly to those who are about thee, and to exert thy…7.57Love that only which happens to thee and is spun with the thread of thy destiny. For what is more suitable? (Long)7.66How do we know if Telauges​ was not superior in character to Socrates? For it is not enough that Socrates died a more noble death, and disputed more skilfully w…7.68It is in thy power to live free from all compulsion in the greatest tranquillity of mind, even if all the world cry out against thee as much as they choose, and…8.5This is the chief thing: Be not perturbed, for all things are according to the nature of the universal; and in a little time thou wilt be nobody and nowhere, li…8.6The nature of the universal has this work to do, to remove to that place the things which are in this, to change them, to take them away hence, and to carry the…8.7Every nature is contented with itself when it goes on its way well; and a rational nature goes on its way well, when in its thoughts it assents to nothing false…8.9Let no man any longer hear thee finding fault with the court life or with thy own. (Long)8.15Remember that as it is a shame to be surprised if the fig-tree produces figs, so it is to be surprised if the world produces such and such things of which it is…8.18That which has died falls not out of the universe. If it stays here, it also changes here, and is dissolved into its proper parts, which are elements of the uni…8.20Nature has had regard in everything no less to the end than to the beginning and the continuance, just like the man who throws up a ball. What good is it then f…8.27There are three relations between thee and other things: the one to the body which surrounds thee; the second to the divine cause from which all things come to …8.32It is thy duty to order thy life well in every single act; and if every act does its duty, as far as is possible, be content; and no one is able to hinder thee …8.34If thou didst ever see a hand cut off, or a foot, or a head, lying anywhere apart from the rest of the body, such does a man make himself, as far as he can, who…8.35As the nature of the universal has given to every rational being all the other powers that it has, so we have received from it this power also. For as the unive…8.43Different things delight different people. But it is my delight to keep the ruling faculty sound without turning away either from any man or from any of the thi…8.45Take me and cast me where thou wilt; for there I shall keep my divine part tranquil, that is, content, if it can feel and act conformably to its proper constitu…8.46Nothing can happen to any man which is not a human accident, nor to an ox which is not according to the nature of an ox, nor to a vine which is not according to…8.50A cucumber is bitter.- Throw it away.- There are briars in the road.- Turn aside from them. This is enough. Do not add, And why were such things made in the wor…9.3Do not despise death, but be well content with it, since this too is one of those things which nature wills. For such as it is to be young and to grow old, and …9.6Thy present opinion founded on understanding, and thy present conduct directed to social good, and thy present disposition of contentment with everything which …9.35Loss is nothing else than change. But the universal nature delights in change, and in obedience to her all things are now done well, and from eternity have been…9.37Enough of this wretched life and murmuring and apish tricks. Why art thou disturbed? What is there new in this? What unsettles thee? Is it the form of the thing…
CopyPassage