MED. 9.3Discipline of desire
George Long · 1862EN · Long

Do not despise death, but DOGMAbe well content with it, since this too is one of those things which TERMnature DOGMAwills. For such as it is to be young and to grow old, and to increase and to reach maturity, and to have teeth and beard and grey hairs, and to beget, and to be pregnant and to bring forth, and all the other natural operations which the seasons of thy life bring, such also is dissolution. This, then, is consistent with the character of a reflecting man, EXERCISEto be neither careless nor impatient nor contemptuous with respect to death, but to wait for it as one of the operations of nature. As thou now waitest for the time when the child shall come out of thy wife's womb, so MOTIFbe ready for the time when thy soul shall fall out of this envelope. But if thou requirest also a vulgar kind of comfort which shall reach thy heart, thou wilt be made best reconciled to death by observing the objects from which thou art going to be removed, and the morals of those with whom thy soul will no longer be mingled. For it is no way right to be offended with men, but it is thy duty DOGMAto care for them and to bear with them gently; and yet to remember that thy departure will be not from men who have the same principles as thyself. For this is the only thing, if there be any, which could draw us the contrary way and attach us to life, to be permitted to live with those who have the same principles as ourselves. But now thou seest how great is the trouble arising from the discordance of those who live together, so that thou mayest say, Come quick, O death, lest perchance I, too, should forget myself.

Original · ancient Greek

Μὴ καταφρόνει θανάτου, ἀλλὰ εὐαρέστει αὐτῷ, ὡς καὶ τούτου ἑνὸς ὄντος ὧν ἡ φύσις ἐθέλει. οἷον γάρ ἐστι τὸ νεάσαι καὶ τὸ γηρᾶσαι, καὶ τὸ αὐξῆσαι καὶ τὸ ἀκμάσαι, καὶ ὀδόντας καὶ γένειον καὶ πολιὰς ἐνεγκεῖν, καὶ σπεῖραι καὶ κυοφορῆσαι καὶ ἀποκυῆσαι, καὶ τὰ ἄλλα φυσικὰ ἐνεργήματα ὅσα αἱ τοῦ βίου ὧραι φέρουσι, τοιοῦτο καὶ τὸ διαλυθῆναι. τοῦτο μὲν οὖν κατὰ ἄνθρωπόν ἐστι λελογισμένον, μὴ ὁλοσχερῶς μηδὲ ὠστικῶς μηδὲ ὑπερηφάνως πρὸς τὸν θάνατον ἔχειν ἀλλὰ περιμένειν ὡς μίαν τῶν φυσικῶν ἐνεργειῶν, καὶ ὡς νῦν περιμένεις πότε ἔμβρυον ἐκ τῆς γαστρὸς τῆς γυναικός σου ἐξέλθῃ, οὕτως ἐκδέχεσθαι τὴν ὥραν ἐν ᾗ τὸ ψυχάριόν σου τοῦ ἐλύτρου τούτου ἐκπεσεῖται.

εἰ δὲ καὶ ἰδιωτικὸν παράπηγμα ἁψικάρδιον θέλεις, μάλιστά σε εὔκολον πρὸς τὸν θάνατον ποιήσει ἡ ἐπίστασις ἡ ἐπὶ τὰ ὑποκείμενα, ὧν μέλλεις ἀφίστασθαι, καὶ μεθ’ ἠθῶν οὐκέτι ἔσται ἡ . . . ἐμπεφυρμένη. προσκόπτεσθαι μὲν γὰρ αὐτοῖς ἥκιστα δεῖ, ἀλλὰ καὶ κήδεσθαι καὶ πρᾴως φέρειν, μεμνῆσθαι μέντοι ὅτι οὐκ ἀπ’ ἀνθρώπων ὁμοδογματούντων σοι ἡ ἀπαλλαγὴ ἔσται. τοῦτο γὰρ μόνον, εἴπερ ἄρα, ἀνθεῖλκεν ἂν καὶ κατεῖχεν ἐν τῷ ζῆν, εἰ συζῆν ἐφεῖτο τοῖς τὰ αὐτὰ δόγματα περιπεποιημένοις· νῦν δ’ ὁρᾷς ὅσος ὁ κόπος ἐν τῇ διαφωνίᾳ τῆς συμβιώσεως, ὥστε εἰπεῖν· θᾶττον ἔλθοις, ὦ θάνατε, μή που καὶ αὐτὸς ἐπιλάθωμαι ἐμαυτοῦ.

Leopold · Teubner 1908
Commentary

Death among nature's operations. Not to "despise" death (that is still pride, ὑπερηφάνως), but DOGMAto "be glad of it" (εὐαρέστει) as one of the things TERMnature wills. There follows a catalogue of "natural operations" (φυσικὰ ἐνεργήματα): youth, age, growth, teeth, beard, grey hair, begetting, pregnancy, birth — and into the very same series is set dissolution (διαλυθῆναι). Death does not fall outside the natural; it stands within it on a par with birth: EXERCISEto await it "as one of the operations of nature", without stubbornness and without revulsion. Hence the exact symmetry: as you wait for the child to leave the womb, so MOTIFawait the hour when the "little soul" (ψυχάριον) will fall out of this "husk" (ἔλυτρον) — birth and death as one kind of passage (cf. 4.5 — death as a mystery of nature; 06-15 — the giving-back of breath to the element). The diminutives ψυχάριον/ἔλυτρον deflate the pathos (cf. the little soul carrying a corpse).

The "homely" remedy: whom you are leaving. The second move is a "vulgar" (ἰδιωτικόν) but effective comfort: look at what and whom you are leaving. The people around you are of unlike mind (not ὁμοδογματοῦντες); the one thing that might hold you to life — to live among those who had made the same doctrines their own — is precisely what is missing. And yet — DOGMAnot to be angry but to care for them and bear them gently (their fault is from ignorance), while soberly remembering whom you part from. The bitter, almost comic coda: "Come quick, O death, lest I too forget myself" (μή που καὶ αὐτὸς ἐπιλάθωμαι ἐμαυτοῦ): the danger of a long life amid discord is to be "washed out" oneself, to forget one's own principles. The governing discipline is desire (to accept death as natural), the sustaining one action (gentleness toward fellow-livers).

DisciplineDiscipline of desire
Record added2026-07-16
Statuspublished
Discipline of desire

George Long · 1862· EN · Long

Do not despise death, but DOGMAbe well content with it, since this too is one of those things which TERMnature DOGMAwills. For such as it is to be young and to grow old, and to increase and to reach maturity, and to have teeth and beard and grey hairs, and to beget, and to be pregnant and to bring forth, and all the other natural operations which the seasons of thy life bring, such also is dissolution. This, then, is consistent with the character of a reflecting man, EXERCISEto be neither careless nor impatient nor contemptuous with respect to death, but to wait for it as one of the operations of nature. As thou now waitest for the time when the child shall come out of thy wife's womb, so MOTIFbe ready for the time when thy soul shall fall out of this envelope. But if thou requirest also a vulgar kind of comfort which shall reach thy heart, thou wilt be made best reconciled to death by observing the objects from which thou art going to be removed, and the morals of those with whom thy soul will no longer be mingled. For it is no way right to be offended with men, but it is thy duty DOGMAto care for them and to bear with them gently; and yet to remember that thy departure will be not from men who have the same principles as thyself. For this is the only thing, if there be any, which could draw us the contrary way and attach us to life, to be permitted to live with those who have the same principles as ourselves. But now thou seest how great is the trouble arising from the discordance of those who live together, so that thou mayest say, Come quick, O death, lest perchance I, too, should forget myself.

Original · ancient Greek

Μὴ καταφρόνει θανάτου, ἀλλὰ εὐαρέστει αὐτῷ, ὡς καὶ τούτου ἑνὸς ὄντος ὧν ἡ φύσις ἐθέλει. οἷον γάρ ἐστι τὸ νεάσαι καὶ τὸ γηρᾶσαι, καὶ τὸ αὐξῆσαι καὶ τὸ ἀκμάσαι, καὶ ὀδόντας καὶ γένειον καὶ πολιὰς ἐνεγκεῖν, καὶ σπεῖραι καὶ κυοφορῆσαι καὶ ἀποκυῆσαι, καὶ τὰ ἄλλα φυσικὰ ἐνεργήματα ὅσα αἱ τοῦ βίου ὧραι φέρουσι, τοιοῦτο καὶ τὸ διαλυθῆναι. τοῦτο μὲν οὖν κατὰ ἄνθρωπόν ἐστι λελογισμένον, μὴ ὁλοσχερῶς μηδὲ ὠστικῶς μηδὲ ὑπερηφάνως πρὸς τὸν θάνατον ἔχειν ἀλλὰ περιμένειν ὡς μίαν τῶν φυσικῶν ἐνεργειῶν, καὶ ὡς νῦν περιμένεις πότε ἔμβρυον ἐκ τῆς γαστρὸς τῆς γυναικός σου ἐξέλθῃ, οὕτως ἐκδέχεσθαι τὴν ὥραν ἐν ᾗ τὸ ψυχάριόν σου τοῦ ἐλύτρου τούτου ἐκπεσεῖται.

εἰ δὲ καὶ ἰδιωτικὸν παράπηγμα ἁψικάρδιον θέλεις, μάλιστά σε εὔκολον πρὸς τὸν θάνατον ποιήσει ἡ ἐπίστασις ἡ ἐπὶ τὰ ὑποκείμενα, ὧν μέλλεις ἀφίστασθαι, καὶ μεθ’ ἠθῶν οὐκέτι ἔσται ἡ . . . ἐμπεφυρμένη. προσκόπτεσθαι μὲν γὰρ αὐτοῖς ἥκιστα δεῖ, ἀλλὰ καὶ κήδεσθαι καὶ πρᾴως φέρειν, μεμνῆσθαι μέντοι ὅτι οὐκ ἀπ’ ἀνθρώπων ὁμοδογματούντων σοι ἡ ἀπαλλαγὴ ἔσται. τοῦτο γὰρ μόνον, εἴπερ ἄρα, ἀνθεῖλκεν ἂν καὶ κατεῖχεν ἐν τῷ ζῆν, εἰ συζῆν ἐφεῖτο τοῖς τὰ αὐτὰ δόγματα περιπεποιημένοις· νῦν δ’ ὁρᾷς ὅσος ὁ κόπος ἐν τῇ διαφωνίᾳ τῆς συμβιώσεως, ὥστε εἰπεῖν· θᾶττον ἔλθοις, ὦ θάνατε, μή που καὶ αὐτὸς ἐπιλάθωμαι ἐμαυτοῦ.

Leopold · Teubner 1908
Related6
Commentary

Death among nature's operations. Not to "despise" death (that is still pride, ὑπερηφάνως), but DOGMAto "be glad of it" (εὐαρέστει) as one of the things TERMnature wills. There follows a catalogue of "natural operations" (φυσικὰ ἐνεργήματα): youth, age, growth, teeth, beard, grey hair, begetting, pregnancy, birth — and into the very same series is set dissolution (διαλυθῆναι). Death does not fall outside the natural; it stands within it on a par with birth: EXERCISEto await it "as one of the operations of nature", without stubbornness and without revulsion. Hence the exact symmetry: as you wait for the child to leave the womb, so MOTIFawait the hour when the "little soul" (ψυχάριον) will fall out of this "husk" (ἔλυτρον) — birth and death as one kind of passage (cf. 4.5 — death as a mystery of nature; 06-15 — the giving-back of breath to the element). The diminutives ψυχάριον/ἔλυτρον deflate the pathos (cf. the little soul carrying a corpse).

The "homely" remedy: whom you are leaving. The second move is a "vulgar" (ἰδιωτικόν) but effective comfort: look at what and whom you are leaving. The people around you are of unlike mind (not ὁμοδογματοῦντες); the one thing that might hold you to life — to live among those who had made the same doctrines their own — is precisely what is missing. And yet — DOGMAnot to be angry but to care for them and bear them gently (their fault is from ignorance), while soberly remembering whom you part from. The bitter, almost comic coda: "Come quick, O death, lest I too forget myself" (μή που καὶ αὐτὸς ἐπιλάθωμαι ἐμαυτοῦ): the danger of a long life amid discord is to be "washed out" oneself, to forget one's own principles. The governing discipline is desire (to accept death as natural), the sustaining one action (gentleness toward fellow-livers).

DisciplineDiscipline of desire
Record added2026-07-16
Statuspublished