MED. 5.8Discipline of desire
George Long · 1862EN · Long

Just as we must understand when it is said, That Aesculapius prescribed to this man horse-exercise, or bathing in cold water or going without shoes; so we must understand it when it is said, That TERMthe nature of the universe prescribed to this man disease or mutilation or loss or anything else of the kind. For in the first case Prescribed means something like this: he prescribed this for this man as a thing adapted to procure health; and in the second case it means: That which happens to (or, suits) every man is fixed in a manner for him suitably to his TERMdestiny. For this is what we mean when we say that things are suitable to us, as the workmen say of squared stones in walls or the pyramids, that they are suitable, when they fit them to one another in some kind of connexion. For there is altogether one fitness, harmony. And as DOGMAthe universe is made up out of all bodies to be such a body as it is, so out of all existing causes necessity (destiny) is made up to be such a cause as it is. And even those who are completely ignorant understand what I mean, for they say, It (necessity, destiny) brought this to such a person.- This then was brought and this was precribed to him. Let us then receive these things, as well as those which Aesculapius prescribes. Many as a matter of course even among his prescriptions are disagreeable, but we accept them in the hope of health. Let the perfecting and accomplishment of the things, which the common nature judges to be good, be judged by thee to be of the same kind as thy health. And so DOGMAaccept everything which happens, even if it seem disagreeable, because it leads to this, to the health of the universe and to the prosperity and felicity of Zeus (the universe). For he would not have brought on any man what he has brought, if it were not useful for the whole. Neither does the nature of anything, whatever it may be, cause anything which is not suitable to that which is directed by it. For two reasons then it is right to be content with that which happens to thee; the one, because it was done for thee and prescribed for thee, and in a manner had reference to thee, originally from the most ancient causes spun with thy destiny; and the other, because even that which comes severally to every man is to the power which administers the universe a cause of felicity and perfection, nay even of its very continuance. For the integrity of the whole is mutilated, if thou cuttest off anything whatever from the conjunction and the continuity either of the parts or of the causes. And thou dost cut off, as far as it is in thy power, when thou art dissatisfied, and in a manner triest to put anything out of the way.

Original · ancient Greek

Ὁποῖόν τί ἐστι τὸ λεγόμενον, ὅτι· συνέταξεν ὁ Ἀσκληπιὸς τούτῳ ἱππασίαν ἢ ψυχρολουσίαν ἢ ἀνυποδησίαν, τοιοῦτόν ἐστι καὶ τό· συνέταξε τούτῳ ἡ τῶν ὅλων φύσις νόσον ἢ πήρωσιν ἢ ἀποβολὴν ἢ ἄλλο τι τῶν τοιούτων. καὶ γὰρ ἐκεῖ τὸ συνέταξε τοιοῦτόν τι σημαίνει· ἔταξε τούτῳ τοῦτο ὡς κατάλληλον πρὸς ὑγίειαν, καὶ ἐνταῦθα τὸ συμβαῖνον ἑκάστῳ τέτακταί πως αὐτῷ ὡς κατάλληλον πρὸς τὴν εἱμαρμένην.

οὕτως γὰρ καὶ συμβαίνειν αὐτὰ ἡμῖν λέγομεν ὡς καὶ τοὺς τετραγώνους λίθους ἐν τοῖς τείχεσιν ἤ ἐν ταῖς πυραμίσι συμβαίνειν οἱ τεχνῖται λέγουσι, συναρμόζοντας ἀλλήλοις τῇ ποιᾷ συνθέσει. ὅλως γὰρ ἁρμονία ἐστὶ μία καὶ ὥσπερ ἐκ πάντων τῶν σωμάτων ὁ κόσμος τοιοῦτον σῶμα συμπληροῦται, οὕτως ἐκ πάντων τῶν αἰτίων ἡ εἱμαρμένη τοιαύτη αἰτία συμπληροῦται.

νοοῦσι δὲ ὃ λέγω καὶ οἱ τέλεον ἰδιῶται· φασὶ γάρ· τοῦτο ἔφερεν αὐτῷ. οὐκοῦν τοῦτο τούτῳ ἐφέρετο καὶ τοῦτο τούτῳ συνετάττετο· δεχώμεθα οὖν αὐτὰ ὡς ἐκεῖνα ἃ ὁ Ἀσκληπιὸς συντάττει. πολλὰ γοῦν καὶ ἐν ἐκείνοις ἐστὶ τραχέα, ἀλλὰ ἀσπαζόμεθα τῇ ἐλπίδι τῆς ὑγιείας.

τοιοῦτόν τί σοι δοκείτω ἄνυσις καὶ συντέλεια τῶν τῇ κοινῇ φύσει δοκούντων, οἷον ἡ σὴ ὑγίεια, καὶ οὕτως ἀσπάζου πᾶν τὸ γινόμενον, κἂν ἀπηνέστερον δοκῇ, διὰ τὸ ἐκεῖ σε ἄγειν, ἐπὶ τὴν τοῦ κόσμου ὑγίειαν καὶ τὴν τοῦ Διὸς εὐοδίαν καὶ εὐπραγίαν. οὐ γὰρ ἂν τοῦτό τινι ἔφερεν, εἰ μὴ τῷ ὅλῳ συνέφερεν· οὐδὲ γὰρ ἡ τυχοῦσα φύσις φέρει τι, ὃ μὴ τῷ διοικουμένῳ ὑπ’ αὐτῆς κατάλληλόν ἐστιν.

οὐκοῦν κατὰ δύο λόγους στέργειν χρὴ τὸ συμβαῖνόν σοι· καθ’ ἕνα μέν, ὅτι σοὶ ἐγίνετο καὶ σοὶ συνετάττετο καὶ πρὸς σέ πως εἶχεν, ἄνωθεν ἐκ τῶν πρεσβυτάτων αἰτίων συγκλωθόμενον· καθ’ ἕτερον δέ, ὅτι τῷ τὸ ὅλον διοικοῦντι τῆς εὐοδίας καὶ τῆς συντελείας καὶ νὴ Δία τῆς συμμονῆς αὐτῆς καὶ τὸ ἰδίᾳ εἰς ἕκαστον ἧκον αἴτιόν ἐστι. πηροῦται γὰρ τὸ ὁλόκληρον, ἐὰν καὶ ὁτιοῦν διακόψῃς τῆς συναφείας καὶ συνεχείας ὥσπερ τῶν μορίων, οὕτω δὴ καὶ τῶν αἰτίων· διακόπτεις δέ, ὅσον ἐπὶ σοί, ὅταν δυσαρεστῇς, καὶ τρόπον τινὰ ἀναιρεῖς.

Leopold · Teubner 1908
Commentary

Place in the book. A major passage on fate and its acceptance — one of the fullest formulations of the discipline of desire in the corpus. Marcus builds a whole chain: the medical analogy → the image of "fitting" → the cosmology of a single cause → the twofold ground for loving what happens.

The Asclepius analogy. "Prescribed" (συνέταξεν): as the healing god prescribes horse-riding, cold baths, going barefoot — things unpleasant but curative — so the TERMNature of the Whole "prescribes" disease, maiming, loss, as suited to your TERMdestiny (εἱμαρμένη). The frame is medical: the harsh is accepted "in the hope of health" (τῇ ἐλπίδι τῆς ὑγιείας).

Fitting and the one harmony. A play on συμβαίνειν — at once "to happen" and "to fit together": as builders say the squared stones "fit" (συμβαίνειν) one another in a wall or pyramid, so events "fit" us. "There is one harmony" (ἁρμονία μία): DOGMAas the cosmos is made one body out of all bodies, so fate is made one cause out of all causes. One's personal lot is a joint in this masonry.

Even the simple know. The folk saying "fate brought this to him" (τοῦτο ἔφερεν αὐτῷ) is the same intuition of a causal order. So one must accept it as the prescriptions of Asclepius: much is "rough" (τραχέα), yet curative.

Welcoming what happens. Let the accomplishment of the common nature's designs be to you as your own health — and then "DOGMAwelcome all that happens" (ἀσπάζου πᾶν τὸ γινόμενον), even the harsh (ἀπηνέστερον), because it leads to the health of the cosmos and to the "good faring" (εὐοδία) of Zeus. Nothing comes to a part unless it profits the Whole.

Two grounds for love (στέργειν). (1) Personal: the event was spun (συγκλωθόμενον) for you out of the "most ancient causes" — cf. Med. 10.5 ("prepared from eternity") and 7.57 ("love only what happens and is spun with your destiny"). (2) Cosmic: your lot is a cause of the well-faring and the very continuance (συμμονή) of the Whole. Hence the sharp conclusion: by discontent (δυσαρεστεῖν) you "cut through" (διακόπτεις) the connection of causes and "maim" (πηροῦται) the Whole — like a limb severed from the body (cf. Med. 8.34, body-parts).

Discipline and parallels. The principal discipline is desire: DOGMAconsent to fate as "love of what happens" (φιλεῖν τὸ συμβαῖνον). The term is TERMheimarmene (fate = providence = the reason of the cosmos). Parallels: Med. 7.57; 10.5; 8.34; 2.2; 4.34.

DisciplineDiscipline of desire
Record added2026-07-11
Statuspublished
Discipline of desire

George Long · 1862· EN · Long

Just as we must understand when it is said, That Aesculapius prescribed to this man horse-exercise, or bathing in cold water or going without shoes; so we must understand it when it is said, That TERMthe nature of the universe prescribed to this man disease or mutilation or loss or anything else of the kind. For in the first case Prescribed means something like this: he prescribed this for this man as a thing adapted to procure health; and in the second case it means: That which happens to (or, suits) every man is fixed in a manner for him suitably to his TERMdestiny. For this is what we mean when we say that things are suitable to us, as the workmen say of squared stones in walls or the pyramids, that they are suitable, when they fit them to one another in some kind of connexion. For there is altogether one fitness, harmony. And as DOGMAthe universe is made up out of all bodies to be such a body as it is, so out of all existing causes necessity (destiny) is made up to be such a cause as it is. And even those who are completely ignorant understand what I mean, for they say, It (necessity, destiny) brought this to such a person.- This then was brought and this was precribed to him. Let us then receive these things, as well as those which Aesculapius prescribes. Many as a matter of course even among his prescriptions are disagreeable, but we accept them in the hope of health. Let the perfecting and accomplishment of the things, which the common nature judges to be good, be judged by thee to be of the same kind as thy health. And so DOGMAaccept everything which happens, even if it seem disagreeable, because it leads to this, to the health of the universe and to the prosperity and felicity of Zeus (the universe). For he would not have brought on any man what he has brought, if it were not useful for the whole. Neither does the nature of anything, whatever it may be, cause anything which is not suitable to that which is directed by it. For two reasons then it is right to be content with that which happens to thee; the one, because it was done for thee and prescribed for thee, and in a manner had reference to thee, originally from the most ancient causes spun with thy destiny; and the other, because even that which comes severally to every man is to the power which administers the universe a cause of felicity and perfection, nay even of its very continuance. For the integrity of the whole is mutilated, if thou cuttest off anything whatever from the conjunction and the continuity either of the parts or of the causes. And thou dost cut off, as far as it is in thy power, when thou art dissatisfied, and in a manner triest to put anything out of the way.

Original · ancient Greek

Ὁποῖόν τί ἐστι τὸ λεγόμενον, ὅτι· συνέταξεν ὁ Ἀσκληπιὸς τούτῳ ἱππασίαν ἢ ψυχρολουσίαν ἢ ἀνυποδησίαν, τοιοῦτόν ἐστι καὶ τό· συνέταξε τούτῳ ἡ τῶν ὅλων φύσις νόσον ἢ πήρωσιν ἢ ἀποβολὴν ἢ ἄλλο τι τῶν τοιούτων. καὶ γὰρ ἐκεῖ τὸ συνέταξε τοιοῦτόν τι σημαίνει· ἔταξε τούτῳ τοῦτο ὡς κατάλληλον πρὸς ὑγίειαν, καὶ ἐνταῦθα τὸ συμβαῖνον ἑκάστῳ τέτακταί πως αὐτῷ ὡς κατάλληλον πρὸς τὴν εἱμαρμένην.

οὕτως γὰρ καὶ συμβαίνειν αὐτὰ ἡμῖν λέγομεν ὡς καὶ τοὺς τετραγώνους λίθους ἐν τοῖς τείχεσιν ἤ ἐν ταῖς πυραμίσι συμβαίνειν οἱ τεχνῖται λέγουσι, συναρμόζοντας ἀλλήλοις τῇ ποιᾷ συνθέσει. ὅλως γὰρ ἁρμονία ἐστὶ μία καὶ ὥσπερ ἐκ πάντων τῶν σωμάτων ὁ κόσμος τοιοῦτον σῶμα συμπληροῦται, οὕτως ἐκ πάντων τῶν αἰτίων ἡ εἱμαρμένη τοιαύτη αἰτία συμπληροῦται.

νοοῦσι δὲ ὃ λέγω καὶ οἱ τέλεον ἰδιῶται· φασὶ γάρ· τοῦτο ἔφερεν αὐτῷ. οὐκοῦν τοῦτο τούτῳ ἐφέρετο καὶ τοῦτο τούτῳ συνετάττετο· δεχώμεθα οὖν αὐτὰ ὡς ἐκεῖνα ἃ ὁ Ἀσκληπιὸς συντάττει. πολλὰ γοῦν καὶ ἐν ἐκείνοις ἐστὶ τραχέα, ἀλλὰ ἀσπαζόμεθα τῇ ἐλπίδι τῆς ὑγιείας.

τοιοῦτόν τί σοι δοκείτω ἄνυσις καὶ συντέλεια τῶν τῇ κοινῇ φύσει δοκούντων, οἷον ἡ σὴ ὑγίεια, καὶ οὕτως ἀσπάζου πᾶν τὸ γινόμενον, κἂν ἀπηνέστερον δοκῇ, διὰ τὸ ἐκεῖ σε ἄγειν, ἐπὶ τὴν τοῦ κόσμου ὑγίειαν καὶ τὴν τοῦ Διὸς εὐοδίαν καὶ εὐπραγίαν. οὐ γὰρ ἂν τοῦτό τινι ἔφερεν, εἰ μὴ τῷ ὅλῳ συνέφερεν· οὐδὲ γὰρ ἡ τυχοῦσα φύσις φέρει τι, ὃ μὴ τῷ διοικουμένῳ ὑπ’ αὐτῆς κατάλληλόν ἐστιν.

οὐκοῦν κατὰ δύο λόγους στέργειν χρὴ τὸ συμβαῖνόν σοι· καθ’ ἕνα μέν, ὅτι σοὶ ἐγίνετο καὶ σοὶ συνετάττετο καὶ πρὸς σέ πως εἶχεν, ἄνωθεν ἐκ τῶν πρεσβυτάτων αἰτίων συγκλωθόμενον· καθ’ ἕτερον δέ, ὅτι τῷ τὸ ὅλον διοικοῦντι τῆς εὐοδίας καὶ τῆς συντελείας καὶ νὴ Δία τῆς συμμονῆς αὐτῆς καὶ τὸ ἰδίᾳ εἰς ἕκαστον ἧκον αἴτιόν ἐστι. πηροῦται γὰρ τὸ ὁλόκληρον, ἐὰν καὶ ὁτιοῦν διακόψῃς τῆς συναφείας καὶ συνεχείας ὥσπερ τῶν μορίων, οὕτω δὴ καὶ τῶν αἰτίων· διακόπτεις δέ, ὅσον ἐπὶ σοί, ὅταν δυσαρεστῇς, καὶ τρόπον τινὰ ἀναιρεῖς.

Leopold · Teubner 1908
Related4
Commentary

Place in the book. A major passage on fate and its acceptance — one of the fullest formulations of the discipline of desire in the corpus. Marcus builds a whole chain: the medical analogy → the image of "fitting" → the cosmology of a single cause → the twofold ground for loving what happens.

The Asclepius analogy. "Prescribed" (συνέταξεν): as the healing god prescribes horse-riding, cold baths, going barefoot — things unpleasant but curative — so the TERMNature of the Whole "prescribes" disease, maiming, loss, as suited to your TERMdestiny (εἱμαρμένη). The frame is medical: the harsh is accepted "in the hope of health" (τῇ ἐλπίδι τῆς ὑγιείας).

Fitting and the one harmony. A play on συμβαίνειν — at once "to happen" and "to fit together": as builders say the squared stones "fit" (συμβαίνειν) one another in a wall or pyramid, so events "fit" us. "There is one harmony" (ἁρμονία μία): DOGMAas the cosmos is made one body out of all bodies, so fate is made one cause out of all causes. One's personal lot is a joint in this masonry.

Even the simple know. The folk saying "fate brought this to him" (τοῦτο ἔφερεν αὐτῷ) is the same intuition of a causal order. So one must accept it as the prescriptions of Asclepius: much is "rough" (τραχέα), yet curative.

Welcoming what happens. Let the accomplishment of the common nature's designs be to you as your own health — and then "DOGMAwelcome all that happens" (ἀσπάζου πᾶν τὸ γινόμενον), even the harsh (ἀπηνέστερον), because it leads to the health of the cosmos and to the "good faring" (εὐοδία) of Zeus. Nothing comes to a part unless it profits the Whole.

Two grounds for love (στέργειν). (1) Personal: the event was spun (συγκλωθόμενον) for you out of the "most ancient causes" — cf. Med. 10.5 ("prepared from eternity") and 7.57 ("love only what happens and is spun with your destiny"). (2) Cosmic: your lot is a cause of the well-faring and the very continuance (συμμονή) of the Whole. Hence the sharp conclusion: by discontent (δυσαρεστεῖν) you "cut through" (διακόπτεις) the connection of causes and "maim" (πηροῦται) the Whole — like a limb severed from the body (cf. Med. 8.34, body-parts).

Discipline and parallels. The principal discipline is desire: DOGMAconsent to fate as "love of what happens" (φιλεῖν τὸ συμβαῖνον). The term is TERMheimarmene (fate = providence = the reason of the cosmos). Parallels: Med. 7.57; 10.5; 8.34; 2.2; 4.34.

DisciplineDiscipline of desire
Record added2026-07-11
Statuspublished