Names instead of rules. Marcus gives himself not prescriptions but names: TERMἀγαθός, TERMαἰδήμων, ἀληθής, ἔμφρων, σύμφρων, ὑπέρφρων. The difference matters: a rule is carried out, a name is borne. Hence the verb of the threat — μετονομάζῃ, "take care you are not renamed": a lapse is conceived not as a broken prescription but as the loss of a name, a change in what you are called. And the remedy matches: ταχέως ἐπάνιθι ἐπ’ αὐτά — "return to them quickly."
Three compounds of φρήν. The last three names are a deliberate figure: ἔμφρων, σύμφρων, ὑπέρφρων — one root (φρήν) with three prefixes: "in-minded," "with-minded," "over-minded." Marcus glosses them at once, and the glosses fall onto the three disciplines: ἔμφρων — "a discriminating attentiveness toward each several thing, and freedom from heedlessness" (assent); σύμφρων — DOGMA"the willing acceptance" of what is allotted by the common TERMnature (desire); ὑπέρφρων — "the stretching of the thinking part above the smooth or rough motion of the TERMflesh, above DOGMAthe scrap of reputation (δοξάριον) and death." No translation keeps the figure: Long has "rational, a man of equanimity, magnanimous," Rogovin «рассудительный, нестроптивый, благородный». The modernization restores the chain through "-minded."
The proviso about being so called. μὴ γλιχόμενος τοῦ ὑπ’ ἄλλων κατὰ ταῦτα ὀνομάζεσθαι — "not hankering to be called by these names by others." A fine turn: the names are to be borne, not received; otherwise the sixth name (ὑπέρφρων, above the δοξάριον) would be cancelled by the very chase after a reputation for virtue.
The gladiator begging for a reprieve. The harshest image in the book. To remain as you were is to be like the ἡμίβρωτοι θηριομάχοι, the "half-devoured beast-fighters" who, "full of wounds and clotted gore" (μεστοὶ τραυμάτων καὶ λύθρου), still beg to be kept back until tomorrow — to be thrown in that same state to "the same claws and teeth." The charge is not cowardice but insensibility (ἀναίσθητος): the man does not notice that what he begs for is more of the same mauling.
Three outcomes. The close offers a ladder: hold to the names, and live "as one transferred to some islands of the blest"; if you feel you are not keeping hold (οὐ περικρατεῖς), withdraw "into some corner" (γωνία) where you will; and if not even there — MOTIFgo out of life altogether, "not in anger, but simply and freely and with self-respect" (ἁπλῶς καὶ ἐλευθέρως καὶ αἰδημόνως), having done at least this one thing as it should be done (cf. 5.29). The exit is set down not as a defeat but as the last means of keeping the name.
A fig-tree does the work of a fig-tree. The support of memory is the gods: they do not wish to be flattered (οὐ κολακεύεσθαι) but wish all rational beings to be made like themselves. And immediately, the grounding series: MOTIFa fig-tree is what does the work of a fig-tree, a dog of a dog, a bee of a bee, DOGMAand a man of a man (cf. 8.19). Likeness to god and the discharge of one's own nature turn out to be the same act. The governing discipline is action, the sustaining one assent.