MED. 10.33Discipline of action
George Long · 1862EN · Long

What is that which as to this material (our life) can be done or said in the way most conformable to reason. For whatever this may be, DOGMAit is in thy power to do it or to say it, and do not make excuses that thou art hindered.

Thou wilt not cease to lament till thy mind is in such a condition that, what luxury is to those who enjoy pleasure, such shall be to thee, in the matter which is subjected and presented to thee, the doing of the things which are conformable to man's constitution; for a man ought to consider as an enjoyment everything which it is in his power to do according to his own TERMnature.

And it is in his power everywhere. Now, it is not given to a cylinder to move everywhere by its own motion, nor yet to water nor to fire, nor to anything else which is governed by nature or an irrational soul, for the things which check them and stand in the way are many. But TERMintelligence and TERMreason DOGMAare able to go through everything that opposes them, and in such manner as they are formed by nature and as they choose.

Place before thy eyes this facility with which the reason will be carried through all things, as fire upwards, as a stone downwards, as a cylinder down an inclined surface, and seek for nothing further. For all other obstacles either affect the body only which is a dead thing; or, except through TERMopinion and the yielding of the reason itself, they do not crush nor do any TERMharm of any kind; for if they did, he who felt it would immediately become bad.

Now, in the case of all things which have a certain constitution, whatever harm may happen to any of them, that which is so affected becomes consequently worse; but in the like case, a man becomes both better, if one may say so, and more worthy of praise by making a right use of these accidents. DOGMAAnd finally remember that nothing harms him who is really a citizen, which does not harm the state; nor yet does anything harm the state, which does not harm law (order); DOGMAand of these things which are called misfortunes not one harms law. What then does not harm law does not harm either state or citizen.

Original · ancient Greek

Τί ἐστι τὸ ἐπὶ ταύτης τῆς ὕλης δυνάμενον κατὰ τὸ ὑγιέστατον πραχθῆναι ἢ ῥηθῆναι; ὅ τι γὰρ ἂν τοῦτο ᾖ, ἔξεστιν αὐτὸ πρᾶξαι ἢ εἰπεῖν καὶ μὴ προφασίζου ὡς κωλυόμενος.

Οὐ πρότερον παύσῃ στένων πρὶν ἢ τοῦτο πάθῃς, ὅτι οἷόν ἐστι τοῖς ἡδυπαθοῦσιν ἡ τρυφή; τοιοῦτό σοι τὸ ἐπὶ τῆς ὑποβαλλομένης καὶ ὑποπιπτούσης ὕλης ποιεῖν τὰ οἰκεῖα τῇ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου κατασκευῇ· ἀπόλαυσιν γὰρ δεῖ ὑπολαμβάνειν πᾶν ὃ ἔξεστι κατὰ τὴν ἰδίαν φύσιν ἐνεργεῖν.

πανταχοῦ δὲ ἔξεστι. τῷ μὲν οὖν κυλίνδρῳ οὐ πανταχοῦ δίδοται φέρεσθαι τὴν ἰδίαν κίνησιν οὐδὲ τῷ ὕδατι οὐδὲ πυρὶ οὐδὲ τοῖς ἄλλοις ὅσα ὑπὸ φύσεως ἢ ψυχῆς ἀλόγου διοικεῖται· τὰ γὰρ διείργοντα καὶ ἐνιστάμενα πολλά· νοῦς δὲ καὶ λόγος διὰ παντὸς τοῦ ἀντιπίπτοντος οὕτως πορεύεσθαι δύναται ὡς πέφυκε καὶ ὡς θέλει.

ταύτην τὴν ῥᾳστώνην πρὸ ὀμμάτων τιθέμενος, καθ’ ἣν ἐνεχθήσεται ὁ λόγος διὰ πάντων ὡς πῦρ ἄνω, ὡς λίθος κάτω, ὡς κύλινδρος κατὰ πρανοῦς, μηκέτι μηδὲν ἐπιζήτει· τὰ γὰρ λοιπὰ ἐγκόμματα ἤτοι τοῦ σωματίου ἐστὶ τοῦ νεκροῦ, ἢ χωρὶς ὑπολήψεως καὶ τῆς αὐτοῦ τοῦ λόγου ἐνδόσεως οὐ θραύει οὐδὲ ποιεῖ κακὸν οὐδ’ ὁτιοῦν.

ἐπεί τοι καὶ ὁ πάσχων αὐτὸς κακὸς ἂν εὐθὺς ἐγίνετο· ἐπὶ γοῦν τῶν ἄλλων κατασκευασμάτων πάντων, ὅ τι ἂν κακόν τινι αὐτῶν συμβῇ, παρὰ τοῦτο χεῖρον γίνεται αὐτὸ τὸ πάσχον, ἐνταῦθα δέ, εἰ δεῖ εἰπεῖν, καὶ κρείττων γίνεται ὁ ἄνθρωπος καὶ ἐπαινετώτερος, ὀρθῶς χρώμενος τοῖς προσπίπτουσιν. ὅλως δὲ μέμνησο ὅτι τὸν φύσει πολίτην οὐδὲν βλάπτει ὃ πόλιν οὐ βλάπτει, οὐδέ γε πόλιν βλάπτει ὃ νόμον οὐ βλάπτει· τούτων δὲ τῶν καλουμένων ἀκληρημάτων οὐδὲν βλάπτει νόμον. ὃ τοίνυν νόμον οὐ βλάπτει, οὔτε πόλιν οὔτε πολίτην.

Leopold · Teubner 1908
Commentary

One question instead of a complaint. The passage opens with a working formula: τί ἐστι τὸ ἐπὶ ταύτης τῆς ὕλης δυνάμενον κατὰ τὸ ὑγιέστατον πραχθῆναι; — "what, upon this material, can be done or said in the soundest way?" Two words carry everything: ὕλη turns the circumstance into raw stock, and the superlative ὑγιέστατον sets the measure — not "rightly" but "most healthily." And at once the cutting-off of excuses: DOGMAμὴ προφασίζου ὡς κωλυόμενος — "do not plead that you are hindered."

Enjoyment redefined. The second paragraph strikes at the root of complaint: you will not stop groaning until acting according to your own constitution becomes to you what τρυφή (luxury, indulgence) is to those who live for pleasure. And the conclusion is framed as an instruction to judgement: ἀπόλαυσιν δεῖ ὑπολαμβάνειν — one must reckon as enjoyment everything one may do TERMaccording to one's own nature. Not "give up enjoyment," but "transfer the name to something else."

Cylinder, water, fire. The central argument is a comparison with the irrational. To a cylinder, to water, to fire, their own motion is given not everywhere: many things "fence them in and stand in the way" (τὰ διείργοντα καὶ ἐνιστάμενα πολλά). But TERMνοῦς and TERMλόγος DOGMApass DOGMAthrough everything that resistsDOGMA (διὰ παντὸς τοῦ ἀντιπίπτοντος) — as they are framed by nature and as they will. The difference is not one of strength but of topology: a physical body needs a clear path, reason does not.

And at once the image is inverted. ταύτην τὴν ῥᾳστώνην — "this ease" — keep before your eyes: reason will be borne through everything "as fire upward, a stone downward, a cylinder down a slope." A moment ago the cylinder was the example of limitation; now the same cylinder is the image of natural irresistibility. Marcus takes the identical trio and turns it through 180°.

Why an obstacle does no harm. The remaining ἐγκόμματα (hindrances) either concern "the poor body, which is a corpse," or else — TERM"apart from ὑπόληψις" and without reason's own yielding — they neither crush nor do any TERMharm whatever. The proof is by reductio: otherwise the sufferer would immediately become bad, and that does not happen. On the contrary: in every other construction harm makes the thing worse, whereas a man, by using rightly what befalls him, becomes better and more praiseworthy. Cf. 5.20 (the obstacle to action advances the action); 8.32.

The closure through the city. The end is a chain of three links: DOGMAnothing harms the citizen that does not harm the city; nothing harms the city that does not harm the law; DOGMAand of these "so-called misfortunes" not one harms the law — therefore neither city nor citizen. Personal invulnerability is derived not from fortitude but from the constitution of the polis: you take no harm because the law takes none. The governing discipline is action, the sustaining one assent.

DisciplineDiscipline of action
Record added2026-07-16
Statuspublished
Discipline of action

George Long · 1862· EN · Long

What is that which as to this material (our life) can be done or said in the way most conformable to reason. For whatever this may be, DOGMAit is in thy power to do it or to say it, and do not make excuses that thou art hindered.

Thou wilt not cease to lament till thy mind is in such a condition that, what luxury is to those who enjoy pleasure, such shall be to thee, in the matter which is subjected and presented to thee, the doing of the things which are conformable to man's constitution; for a man ought to consider as an enjoyment everything which it is in his power to do according to his own TERMnature.

And it is in his power everywhere. Now, it is not given to a cylinder to move everywhere by its own motion, nor yet to water nor to fire, nor to anything else which is governed by nature or an irrational soul, for the things which check them and stand in the way are many. But TERMintelligence and TERMreason DOGMAare able to go through everything that opposes them, and in such manner as they are formed by nature and as they choose.

Place before thy eyes this facility with which the reason will be carried through all things, as fire upwards, as a stone downwards, as a cylinder down an inclined surface, and seek for nothing further. For all other obstacles either affect the body only which is a dead thing; or, except through TERMopinion and the yielding of the reason itself, they do not crush nor do any TERMharm of any kind; for if they did, he who felt it would immediately become bad.

Now, in the case of all things which have a certain constitution, whatever harm may happen to any of them, that which is so affected becomes consequently worse; but in the like case, a man becomes both better, if one may say so, and more worthy of praise by making a right use of these accidents. DOGMAAnd finally remember that nothing harms him who is really a citizen, which does not harm the state; nor yet does anything harm the state, which does not harm law (order); DOGMAand of these things which are called misfortunes not one harms law. What then does not harm law does not harm either state or citizen.

Original · ancient Greek

Τί ἐστι τὸ ἐπὶ ταύτης τῆς ὕλης δυνάμενον κατὰ τὸ ὑγιέστατον πραχθῆναι ἢ ῥηθῆναι; ὅ τι γὰρ ἂν τοῦτο ᾖ, ἔξεστιν αὐτὸ πρᾶξαι ἢ εἰπεῖν καὶ μὴ προφασίζου ὡς κωλυόμενος.

Οὐ πρότερον παύσῃ στένων πρὶν ἢ τοῦτο πάθῃς, ὅτι οἷόν ἐστι τοῖς ἡδυπαθοῦσιν ἡ τρυφή; τοιοῦτό σοι τὸ ἐπὶ τῆς ὑποβαλλομένης καὶ ὑποπιπτούσης ὕλης ποιεῖν τὰ οἰκεῖα τῇ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου κατασκευῇ· ἀπόλαυσιν γὰρ δεῖ ὑπολαμβάνειν πᾶν ὃ ἔξεστι κατὰ τὴν ἰδίαν φύσιν ἐνεργεῖν.

πανταχοῦ δὲ ἔξεστι. τῷ μὲν οὖν κυλίνδρῳ οὐ πανταχοῦ δίδοται φέρεσθαι τὴν ἰδίαν κίνησιν οὐδὲ τῷ ὕδατι οὐδὲ πυρὶ οὐδὲ τοῖς ἄλλοις ὅσα ὑπὸ φύσεως ἢ ψυχῆς ἀλόγου διοικεῖται· τὰ γὰρ διείργοντα καὶ ἐνιστάμενα πολλά· νοῦς δὲ καὶ λόγος διὰ παντὸς τοῦ ἀντιπίπτοντος οὕτως πορεύεσθαι δύναται ὡς πέφυκε καὶ ὡς θέλει.

ταύτην τὴν ῥᾳστώνην πρὸ ὀμμάτων τιθέμενος, καθ’ ἣν ἐνεχθήσεται ὁ λόγος διὰ πάντων ὡς πῦρ ἄνω, ὡς λίθος κάτω, ὡς κύλινδρος κατὰ πρανοῦς, μηκέτι μηδὲν ἐπιζήτει· τὰ γὰρ λοιπὰ ἐγκόμματα ἤτοι τοῦ σωματίου ἐστὶ τοῦ νεκροῦ, ἢ χωρὶς ὑπολήψεως καὶ τῆς αὐτοῦ τοῦ λόγου ἐνδόσεως οὐ θραύει οὐδὲ ποιεῖ κακὸν οὐδ’ ὁτιοῦν.

ἐπεί τοι καὶ ὁ πάσχων αὐτὸς κακὸς ἂν εὐθὺς ἐγίνετο· ἐπὶ γοῦν τῶν ἄλλων κατασκευασμάτων πάντων, ὅ τι ἂν κακόν τινι αὐτῶν συμβῇ, παρὰ τοῦτο χεῖρον γίνεται αὐτὸ τὸ πάσχον, ἐνταῦθα δέ, εἰ δεῖ εἰπεῖν, καὶ κρείττων γίνεται ὁ ἄνθρωπος καὶ ἐπαινετώτερος, ὀρθῶς χρώμενος τοῖς προσπίπτουσιν. ὅλως δὲ μέμνησο ὅτι τὸν φύσει πολίτην οὐδὲν βλάπτει ὃ πόλιν οὐ βλάπτει, οὐδέ γε πόλιν βλάπτει ὃ νόμον οὐ βλάπτει· τούτων δὲ τῶν καλουμένων ἀκληρημάτων οὐδὲν βλάπτει νόμον. ὃ τοίνυν νόμον οὐ βλάπτει, οὔτε πόλιν οὔτε πολίτην.

Leopold · Teubner 1908
Related8
Commentary

One question instead of a complaint. The passage opens with a working formula: τί ἐστι τὸ ἐπὶ ταύτης τῆς ὕλης δυνάμενον κατὰ τὸ ὑγιέστατον πραχθῆναι; — "what, upon this material, can be done or said in the soundest way?" Two words carry everything: ὕλη turns the circumstance into raw stock, and the superlative ὑγιέστατον sets the measure — not "rightly" but "most healthily." And at once the cutting-off of excuses: DOGMAμὴ προφασίζου ὡς κωλυόμενος — "do not plead that you are hindered."

Enjoyment redefined. The second paragraph strikes at the root of complaint: you will not stop groaning until acting according to your own constitution becomes to you what τρυφή (luxury, indulgence) is to those who live for pleasure. And the conclusion is framed as an instruction to judgement: ἀπόλαυσιν δεῖ ὑπολαμβάνειν — one must reckon as enjoyment everything one may do TERMaccording to one's own nature. Not "give up enjoyment," but "transfer the name to something else."

Cylinder, water, fire. The central argument is a comparison with the irrational. To a cylinder, to water, to fire, their own motion is given not everywhere: many things "fence them in and stand in the way" (τὰ διείργοντα καὶ ἐνιστάμενα πολλά). But TERMνοῦς and TERMλόγος DOGMApass DOGMAthrough everything that resistsDOGMA (διὰ παντὸς τοῦ ἀντιπίπτοντος) — as they are framed by nature and as they will. The difference is not one of strength but of topology: a physical body needs a clear path, reason does not.

And at once the image is inverted. ταύτην τὴν ῥᾳστώνην — "this ease" — keep before your eyes: reason will be borne through everything "as fire upward, a stone downward, a cylinder down a slope." A moment ago the cylinder was the example of limitation; now the same cylinder is the image of natural irresistibility. Marcus takes the identical trio and turns it through 180°.

Why an obstacle does no harm. The remaining ἐγκόμματα (hindrances) either concern "the poor body, which is a corpse," or else — TERM"apart from ὑπόληψις" and without reason's own yielding — they neither crush nor do any TERMharm whatever. The proof is by reductio: otherwise the sufferer would immediately become bad, and that does not happen. On the contrary: in every other construction harm makes the thing worse, whereas a man, by using rightly what befalls him, becomes better and more praiseworthy. Cf. 5.20 (the obstacle to action advances the action); 8.32.

The closure through the city. The end is a chain of three links: DOGMAnothing harms the citizen that does not harm the city; nothing harms the city that does not harm the law; DOGMAand of these "so-called misfortunes" not one harms the law — therefore neither city nor citizen. Personal invulnerability is derived not from fortitude but from the constitution of the polis: you take no harm because the law takes none. The governing discipline is action, the sustaining one assent.

DisciplineDiscipline of action
Record added2026-07-16
Statuspublished