TERM

ὁρμή

hormē
RU

влечение, импульс к действию

EN

impulse

§ IDefinition

A Stoic technical term: ὁρμή is the movement of the soul toward action, the impulse. In the Stoic chain by which an act is generated: φαντασία (impression) → συγκατάθεσις (assent of the ruling part) → ὁρμή (impulse) → πρᾶξις (action). Impulse is therefore not a "blind passion" but a function of an evaluative judgment that has already been accepted; this is why responsibility for the act is located in the act of assent, not in the impulse itself.

§ IISource

SVF III 169–177 (the doctrine of ὁρμή as κίνησις ψυχῆς πρός τι, "a movement of the soul toward something"); DL VII 110–116; Stob. Ecl. II 86–87 W; LS 33, 53Q, 65. In Marcus: Med. 2.2; 3.1; 05-03; 05-14 (the impulses of reason issue from reason itself); 05-20 (when obstructed — impulse "with reservation"); 05-37 (good ὁρμαί — part of the good lot); 06-16; 06-27; 06-50; 07-04 (at every ὁρμή — track what is being done and to what aim); 07-62 (look into the πηγαίὁρμῆς of those whose praise you seek); 07-75 (the ἰδία ὁρμή of the cosmos's ruling part — in the book's closing disjunction); 08-01 (doctrines "from which the ὁρμαί and acts" flow); 08-07 (ὁρμαί directed only to κοινωνικὰ ἔργα; the rule τέλος ἐν ὁρμῇ τὸ κοινωνικόν, "the end in impulse is the common good"); 08-16 (the act is carried through κατὰ τὴν σὴν ὁρμήν — a change of mind is one's own too); 08-41 (ἐμποδισμὸς ὁρμῆς — an evil to the animal nature; the impulse "with reserve" is unharmed); 09-01 (ὁρμὴ ἀρχαία — the "original impulse" of providence by which all comes to be "in sequence"); 09-07 (στῆσαι ὁρμήν — "halt the impulse": the second member of the triad-by-negation); 09-21 (death is the παῦλα of ὁρμή, the "pause of impulse"; no evil); 09-28 (ἐφ’ ἕκαστον ὁρμᾷ ἡ τοῦ ὅλου διάνοια — "the mind of the Whole impels toward each thing"; accept its impulse); 09-31 (ὁρμὴ καὶ πρᾶξις terminating in κοινωνικῶς πρᾶξαι — impulse aimed at the social act); 9.6; 10-06 (πᾶσαν ὁρμὴν ἄξω πρὸς τὸ κοινῇ συμφέρον — direct every impulse to the common benefit and away from the contrary); 10-26 (another cause makes out of food αἴσθησιν καὶ ὁρμήν — impulse as a product of the hidden formative power); 11.37. In Book XII — 12-17 (ἡ γὰρ ὁρμή σου ἔστω — the sentence breaks off at a lacuna, and what the impulse is to be was never written). And 12-31 (τὸ ὁρμᾶν, one of the eight infinitives of the interrogation: what exactly do you want when you want to go on?). In Books I–IV: 02-07, 02-16, 03-01 (ὁρμᾶν among the functions that survive in senility), 03-06, 03-16 (ψυχῆς ὁρμαί — impulses are assigned to the soul, doctrines to the mind), 04-01, 04-22, 04-40.

§ IIINotes

In 02-02 ὁρμή is marked by the key predicate ἀκοινώνητος — "unsocial": the ruling part must not allow an antisocial impulse to jerk it about like a puppet on strings (see puppet). This is the locus of Marcus's discipline of action: the quality of an ὁρμή is determined by whether it is oriented toward the common good (TERMcooperation) or against it (antiprassein). Compare Med. 8.7 — the imperative to "direct every impulse to the common benefit" — and Epictetus' Ench. 2 — on "οἰκεία ὁρμή" ("one's own impulse," the only impulse that is up to us). See also 11-21 (πάσας τὰς ἰδίας ὁρμὰς ἀπευθύνων — "straightening" all private impulses toward one social aim, so that all acts come out of one kind); 11-37 (the Epictetan "department concerning impulses": keep τὸ προσεκτικόν on guard, with three conditions — μεθ’ ὑπεξαιρέσεως, κοινωνικαί, κατ’ ἀξίαν).

TERM

ὁρμή

hormē
RU

влечение, импульс к действию

EN

impulse

Appears in34
Related4
Sections3

§ IDefinition

A Stoic technical term: ὁρμή is the movement of the soul toward action, the impulse. In the Stoic chain by which an act is generated: φαντασία (impression) → συγκατάθεσις (assent of the ruling part) → ὁρμή (impulse) → πρᾶξις (action). Impulse is therefore not a "blind passion" but a function of an evaluative judgment that has already been accepted; this is why responsibility for the act is located in the act of assent, not in the impulse itself.

§ IISource

SVF III 169–177 (the doctrine of ὁρμή as κίνησις ψυχῆς πρός τι, "a movement of the soul toward something"); DL VII 110–116; Stob. Ecl. II 86–87 W; LS 33, 53Q, 65. In Marcus: Med. 2.2; 3.1; 05-03; 05-14 (the impulses of reason issue from reason itself); 05-20 (when obstructed — impulse "with reservation"); 05-37 (good ὁρμαί — part of the good lot); 06-16; 06-27; 06-50; 07-04 (at every ὁρμή — track what is being done and to what aim); 07-62 (look into the πηγαίὁρμῆς of those whose praise you seek); 07-75 (the ἰδία ὁρμή of the cosmos's ruling part — in the book's closing disjunction); 08-01 (doctrines "from which the ὁρμαί and acts" flow); 08-07 (ὁρμαί directed only to κοινωνικὰ ἔργα; the rule τέλος ἐν ὁρμῇ τὸ κοινωνικόν, "the end in impulse is the common good"); 08-16 (the act is carried through κατὰ τὴν σὴν ὁρμήν — a change of mind is one's own too); 08-41 (ἐμποδισμὸς ὁρμῆς — an evil to the animal nature; the impulse "with reserve" is unharmed); 09-01 (ὁρμὴ ἀρχαία — the "original impulse" of providence by which all comes to be "in sequence"); 09-07 (στῆσαι ὁρμήν — "halt the impulse": the second member of the triad-by-negation); 09-21 (death is the παῦλα of ὁρμή, the "pause of impulse"; no evil); 09-28 (ἐφ’ ἕκαστον ὁρμᾷ ἡ τοῦ ὅλου διάνοια — "the mind of the Whole impels toward each thing"; accept its impulse); 09-31 (ὁρμὴ καὶ πρᾶξις terminating in κοινωνικῶς πρᾶξαι — impulse aimed at the social act); 9.6; 10-06 (πᾶσαν ὁρμὴν ἄξω πρὸς τὸ κοινῇ συμφέρον — direct every impulse to the common benefit and away from the contrary); 10-26 (another cause makes out of food αἴσθησιν καὶ ὁρμήν — impulse as a product of the hidden formative power); 11.37. In Book XII — 12-17 (ἡ γὰρ ὁρμή σου ἔστω — the sentence breaks off at a lacuna, and what the impulse is to be was never written). And 12-31 (τὸ ὁρμᾶν, one of the eight infinitives of the interrogation: what exactly do you want when you want to go on?). In Books I–IV: 02-07, 02-16, 03-01 (ὁρμᾶν among the functions that survive in senility), 03-06, 03-16 (ψυχῆς ὁρμαί — impulses are assigned to the soul, doctrines to the mind), 04-01, 04-22, 04-40.

§ IIINotes

In 02-02 ὁρμή is marked by the key predicate ἀκοινώνητος — "unsocial": the ruling part must not allow an antisocial impulse to jerk it about like a puppet on strings (see puppet). This is the locus of Marcus's discipline of action: the quality of an ὁρμή is determined by whether it is oriented toward the common good (TERMcooperation) or against it (antiprassein). Compare Med. 8.7 — the imperative to "direct every impulse to the common benefit" — and Epictetus' Ench. 2 — on "οἰκεία ὁρμή" ("one's own impulse," the only impulse that is up to us). See also 11-21 (πάσας τὰς ἰδίας ὁρμὰς ἀπευθύνων — "straightening" all private impulses toward one social aim, so that all acts come out of one kind); 11-37 (the Epictetan "department concerning impulses": keep τὸ προσεκτικόν on guard, with three conditions — μεθ’ ὑπεξαιρέσεως, κοινωνικαί, κατ’ ἀξίαν).

Related4
Appears in34
2.2Whatever this is that I am, it is a little flesh and breath, and the ruling part. Throw away thy books; no longer distract thyself: it is not allowed; but as if…2.7Do the things external which fall upon thee distract thee? Give thyself time to learn something new and good, and cease to be whirled around. But then thou must…2.16The soul of man does violence to itself, first of all, when it becomes an abscess and, as it were, a tumour on the universe, so far as it can. For to be vexed a…3.1We ought to consider not only that our life is daily wasting away and a smaller part of it is left, but another thing also must be taken into the account, that …3.6If thou findest in human life anything better than justice, truth, temperance, fortitude, and, in a word, anything better than thy own mind's self-satisfaction …3.16Body, soul, intelligence: to the body belong sensations, to the soul appetites, to the intelligence principles. To receive the impressions of forms by means of …4.1That which rules within, when it is according to nature, is so affected with respect to the events which happen, that it always easily adapts itself to that whi…4.22Do not be whirled about, but in every movement have respect to justice, and on the occasion of every impression maintain the faculty of comprehension or underst…4.40Constantly regard the universe as one living being, having one substance and one soul; and observe how all things have reference to one perception, the percepti…5.3Judge every word and deed which are according to nature to be fit for thee; and be not diverted by the blame which follows from any people nor by their words, b…5.14Reason and the reasoning art [philosophy] are powers which are sufficient for themselves and for their own works. They move then from a first principle which is…5.20In one respect man is the nearest thing to me, so far as I must do good to men and endure them. But so far as some men make themselves obstacles to my proper ac…5.37I was once a fortunate man, but I lost it, I know not how. But fortunate means that a man has assigned to himself a good fortune: and a good fortune is good dis…6.16Neither is transpiration, as in plants, a thing to be valued, nor respiration, as in domesticated animals and wild beasts, nor the receiving of impressions by t…6.27How cruel it is not to allow men to strive after the things which appear to them to be suitable to their nature and profitable! And yet in a manner thou dost no…6.50Let us try to persuade them (men). But act even against their will, when the principles of justice lead that way. If however any man by using force stands in th…7.4In discourse thou must attend to what is said, and in every movement thou must observe what is doing. And in the one thou shouldst see immediately to what end i…7.62Constantly observe who those are whose approbation thou wishest to have, and what ruling principles they possess. For then thou wilt neither blame those who off…7.75The nature of the All moved to make the universe. But now either everything that takes place comes by way of consequence or continuity; or even the chief things…8.1This reflection also tends to the removal of the desire of empty fame, that it is no longer in thy power to have lived the whole of thy life, or at least thy li…8.7Every nature is contented with itself when it goes on its way well; and a rational nature goes on its way well, when in its thoughts it assents to nothing false…8.16Remember that to change thy opinion and to follow him who corrects thy error is as consistent with freedom as it is to persist in thy error. For it is thy own, …8.41Hindrance to the perceptions of sense is an evil to the animal nature. Hindrance to the movements (desires) is equally an evil to the animal nature. And somethi…9.1He who acts unjustly acts impiously. For since the universal nature has made rational animals for the sake of one another to help one another according to their…9.7Wipe out imagination: check desire: extinguish appetite: keep the ruling faculty in its own power. (Long)9.21Termination of activity, cessation from movement and opinion, and in a sense their death, is no evil. Turn thy thoughts now to the consideration of thy life, th…9.28The periodic movements of the universe are the same, up and down from age to age. And either the universal intelligence puts itself in motion for every separate…9.31Let there be freedom from perturbations with respect to the things which come from the external cause; and let there be justice in the things done by virtue of …10.6Whether the universe is a concourse of atoms, or nature is a system, let this first be established, that I am a part of the whole which is governed by nature; n…10.26A man deposits seed in a womb and goes away, and then another cause takes it, and labours on it and makes a child. What a thing from such a material! Again, the…11.21"He who has not one and always the same object in life, cannot be one and the same all through his life."​ But what I have said is not enough, unless this also …11.37Epictetus also said, a man must discover an art with respect to giving his assent; and in respect to his movements he must be careful that they be made with reg…12.17If it is not right, do not do it: if it is not true, do not say it. For let thy efforts be-​ (Long)12.31What dost thou wish—to continue to exist? Well, dost thou wish to have sensation, movement, growth, and then again to cease to grow, to use thy speech, to think…
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