MED. 6.23Discipline of action
George Long · 1862EN · Long

As to the animals which have no reason and generally all things and objects, do thou, since thou hast TERMreason and they have none, make use of them with a generous and liberal spirit. But towards human beings, as they have reason, behave in a TERMsocial spirit. And on all occasions call on the gods, and do not perplex thyself about the length of time in which thou shalt do this; for even three hours so spent are sufficient.

Original · ancient Greek

Τοῖς μὲν ἀλόγοις ζῴοις καὶ καθόλου πράγμασι καὶ ὑποκειμένοις, ὡς λόγον ἔχων λόγον μὴ ἔχουσι, χρῶ μεγαλοφρόνως καὶ ἐλευθέρως· τοῖς δὲ ἀνθρώποις, ὡς λόγον ἔχουσι, χρῶ κοινωνικῶς· ἐφ’ ἅπασι δὲ θεοὺς ἐπικαλοῦ. καὶ μὴ διαφέρου πρὸς τὸ πόσῳ χρόνῳ ταῦτα πράξεις· ἀρκοῦσι γὰρ καὶ τρεῖς ὧραι τοιαῦται.

Leopold · Teubner 1908
Commentary

Genre and place in the book. A three-fold rule of conduct — toward the irrational, the rational, and the gods — with a coda on time. All of it is organized by the presence or absence of TERMreason (λόγος). The principal discipline is action (how to bear oneself toward the several kinds of being); the sustaining one is desire (not to fret about duration).

Toward the irrational — with magnanimity and freedom (μεγαλοφρόνως καὶ ἐλευθέρως). With animals, things, and "substrates" (ὑποκείμενα) — since you have TERMreason (λόγον ἔχων) and they do not — deal "magnanimously and freely": as a master, not pettily. The rational rightly makes use of the irrational (cf. 05-30: the worse for the sake of the better), but in a kingly way, without fussy attachment.

Toward human beings — socially (κοινωνικῶς). With human beings, since they share in reason, behave "TERMsocially" (Rogovin: "as equals"): equality in λόγος gives rise to community. This is the obverse of the previous class: the irrational you use, but with the rational you cooperate as with fellow-citizens (cf. 06-07, 06-14, DOGMAoikeiōsis).

The gods and time. "In all things call on the gods" (θεοὺς ἐπικαλοῦ) — piety: to refer every action to the divine (cf. Med. 9.40 on prayer). And the coda: "do not fret (μὴ διαφέρου — the same word as in 06-02) about how much time you will do this; even three such hours are enough." The measure of a life is not its length but its quality: a short span lived rightly suffices — and so the fear of "too little time" falls away.

Disciplines and parallels. The principal one is action (conduct sorted by the presence of λόγος); the secondary is desire (indifference to duration, the pious referral to the gods). Parallels: 05-30 (the worse for the sake of the better; the mind of the Whole is social); 06-07, 06-14, 05-16 (the sociality of rational beings); Med. 9.40 (prayer); 06-02 (μὴ διαφέρου).

DisciplineDiscipline of action
Record added2026-07-16
Statuspublished
Discipline of action

George Long · 1862· EN · Long

As to the animals which have no reason and generally all things and objects, do thou, since thou hast TERMreason and they have none, make use of them with a generous and liberal spirit. But towards human beings, as they have reason, behave in a TERMsocial spirit. And on all occasions call on the gods, and do not perplex thyself about the length of time in which thou shalt do this; for even three hours so spent are sufficient.

Original · ancient Greek

Τοῖς μὲν ἀλόγοις ζῴοις καὶ καθόλου πράγμασι καὶ ὑποκειμένοις, ὡς λόγον ἔχων λόγον μὴ ἔχουσι, χρῶ μεγαλοφρόνως καὶ ἐλευθέρως· τοῖς δὲ ἀνθρώποις, ὡς λόγον ἔχουσι, χρῶ κοινωνικῶς· ἐφ’ ἅπασι δὲ θεοὺς ἐπικαλοῦ. καὶ μὴ διαφέρου πρὸς τὸ πόσῳ χρόνῳ ταῦτα πράξεις· ἀρκοῦσι γὰρ καὶ τρεῖς ὧραι τοιαῦται.

Leopold · Teubner 1908
Related3
Commentary

Genre and place in the book. A three-fold rule of conduct — toward the irrational, the rational, and the gods — with a coda on time. All of it is organized by the presence or absence of TERMreason (λόγος). The principal discipline is action (how to bear oneself toward the several kinds of being); the sustaining one is desire (not to fret about duration).

Toward the irrational — with magnanimity and freedom (μεγαλοφρόνως καὶ ἐλευθέρως). With animals, things, and "substrates" (ὑποκείμενα) — since you have TERMreason (λόγον ἔχων) and they do not — deal "magnanimously and freely": as a master, not pettily. The rational rightly makes use of the irrational (cf. 05-30: the worse for the sake of the better), but in a kingly way, without fussy attachment.

Toward human beings — socially (κοινωνικῶς). With human beings, since they share in reason, behave "TERMsocially" (Rogovin: "as equals"): equality in λόγος gives rise to community. This is the obverse of the previous class: the irrational you use, but with the rational you cooperate as with fellow-citizens (cf. 06-07, 06-14, DOGMAoikeiōsis).

The gods and time. "In all things call on the gods" (θεοὺς ἐπικαλοῦ) — piety: to refer every action to the divine (cf. Med. 9.40 on prayer). And the coda: "do not fret (μὴ διαφέρου — the same word as in 06-02) about how much time you will do this; even three such hours are enough." The measure of a life is not its length but its quality: a short span lived rightly suffices — and so the fear of "too little time" falls away.

Disciplines and parallels. The principal one is action (conduct sorted by the presence of λόγος); the secondary is desire (indifference to duration, the pious referral to the gods). Parallels: 05-30 (the worse for the sake of the better; the mind of the Whole is social); 06-07, 06-14, 05-16 (the sociality of rational beings); Med. 9.40 (prayer); 06-02 (μὴ διαφέρου).

DisciplineDiscipline of action
Record added2026-07-16
Statuspublished