MED. 12.1Discipline of desire
George Long · 1862EN · Long

All those things at which thou wishest to arrive by a circuitous road, EXERCISEthou canst have now, if thou dost not refuse them to thyself. And this means, if thou wilt take no notice of all the past, and trust the future to TERMprovidence, and direct TERMthe present only conformably to piety and TERMjustice. Conformably to piety, DOGMAthat thou mayest be content with the lot which is assigned to thee, for TERMnature designed it for thee and thee for it. Conformably to TERMjustice, that thou mayest always speak the truth freely and without disguise, and do the things which are agreeable to law and TERMaccording to the worth of each. And let neither another man's TERMwickedness hinder thee, nor TERMopinion nor voice, nor yet the sensations of the poor TERMflesh which has grown about thee; for the passive part will look to this. If then, EXERCISEwhatever the time may be when thou shalt be near to thy departure, neglecting everything else thou shalt respect only thy TERMruling faculty and TERMthe divinity within thee, and if thou shalt be afraid not because thou must some time cease to live, but DOGMAif thou shalt fear never to have begun to live according to nature- then thou wilt be a man worthy of the universe which has produced thee, and thou wilt cease to be a stranger in thy native land, and to wonder at things which happen daily as if they were something unexpected, and to be dependent on this or that.

Original · ancient Greek

Πάντα ἐκεῖνα, ἐφ’ ἃ διὰ περιόδου εὔχῃ ἐλθεῖν, ἤδη ἔχειν δύνασαι, ἐὰν μὴ σαυτῷ φθονῇς. τοῦτο δέ ἐστιν, ἐὰν πᾶν τὸ παρελθὸν καταλίπῃς καὶ τὸ μέλλον ἐπιτρέψῃς τῇ προνοίᾳ καὶ τὸ παρὸν μόνον ἀπευθύνῃς πρὸς ὁσιότητα καὶ δικαιοσύνην. ὁσιότητα μέν, ἵνα φιλῇς τὸ ἀπονεμόμενον· σοὶ γὰρ αὐτὸ ἡ φύσις ἔφερε καὶ σὲ τούτῳ· δικαιοσύνην δέ, ἵνα ἐλευθέρως καὶ χωρὶς περιπλοκῆς λέγῃς τε τἀληθῆ καὶ πράσσῃς τὰ κατὰ νόμον καὶ κατ’ ἀξίαν· μὴ ἐμποδίζῃ δέ σε μήτε κακία ἀλλοτρία μήτε ὑπόληψις μήτε φωνὴ μηδὲ μὴν αἴσθησις τοῦ περιτεθραμμένου σοι σαρκιδίου· ὄψεται γὰρ τὸ πάσχον.

ἐὰν οὖν, ὅτε δήποτε πρὸς ἐξόδῳ γένῃ, πάντα τὰ ἄλλα καταλιπὼν μόνον τὸ ἡγεμονικόν σου καὶ τὸ ἐν σοὶ θεῖον τιμήσῃς καὶ μὴ τὸ παύσεσθαί ποτε τοῦ ζῆν φοβηθῇς, ἀλλὰ τό γε μηδέποτε ἄρξασθαι κατὰ φύσιν ζῆν, ἔσῃ ἄνθρωπος ἄξιος τοῦ γεννήσαντος κόσμου καὶ παύσῃ ξένος ὢν τῆς πατρίδος καὶ θαυμάζων ὡς ἀπροσδόκητα τὰ καθ’ ἡμέραν γινόμενα καὶ κρεμάμενος ἐκ τοῦδε καὶ τοῦδε.

Leopold · Teubner 1908
Commentary

"Already now" — and who stands in the way. διὰ περιόδου — "by a circuit," the long way round; εὔχῃ — "you pray for." The book opens on the gap between praying and having: what you are reaching by a detour is available at once. And the obstacle is named in a single word — ἐὰν μὴ σαυτῷ φθονῇς, "if you do not envy yourself." Φθονέω does not mean "to be unkind" but to grudge, to refuse out of envy: a man stands between himself and his own good like a miser over goods not his. Neither Rogovin ("if only you will be well-disposed toward yourself") nor Long ("dost not refuse them to thyself") keeps the edge — in Marcus you are your own begrudger.

Three times, three different dispositions. The formula is extremely spare, and its verbs are not interchangeable: the past is to be left (καταλίπῃς), the future handed over to providence (ἐπιτρέψῃς τῇ TERMπρονοίᾳ), the present straightened (ἀπευθύνῃς — as one straightens what is bent). The past is not workable, the future is not your department, and only TERMthe present takes correction. Cf. 9.6, where the same division is folded into a triad: "the present opinion apprehending, the present act social, the present disposition content."

Piety and justice are the names of disciplines. The pair ὁσιότης / TERMδικαιοσύνη is decoded on the spot. Piety is loving what is allotted (DOGMAφιλεῖν τὸ ἀπονεμόμενον) — the discipline of desire; the same verb ἀπονέμω stands in 4.25 and 5.27. Justice is to speak the truth without wrapping (χωρὶς περιπλοκῆς — literally "without a winding round") and to act κατὰ νόμον καὶ TERMκατ’ ἀξίαν — the discipline of action; on apportionment "by worth" as nature's own work, 8.7. The same pair, more briefly, in 4.18: look only at what is your own, "that it may itself be δίκαιον καὶ ὅσιον."

An obstacle referred to another department. The list of hindrances — another's TERMκακία, another's TERMopinion, another's voice — closes on something unexpected: and the sensation of one's own body. And at once a referral: ὄψεται γὰρ τὸ πάσχον, "for the part that suffers will see to it." The body is neither denied nor despised — it is declared a separate authority with its own competence; cf. 7.16, where the σωμάτιον looks after its own not being hurt.

What exactly to fear. The close inverts the ordinary fear: not that you will one day cease to live, but that you have never begun to live according to nature. The three consequences that follow are all about the same thing — being at home in the world: you will cease to be a ξένος in your own native land (for Marcus the stranger is the man who does not know what happens in the cosmos, 4.29; cf. 12.13: "how ridiculous and what a stranger is he who is surprised at anything that happens in life"), you will cease to wonder at the daily as if it were unheard of, and you will cease to hang on this and that. κρεμάμενος is the image of a suspended weight, not of a marionette: the strings come later, in 12.19. The governing discipline is desire, the sustaining one action.

DisciplineDiscipline of desire
Record added2026-07-16
Statuspublished
Discipline of desire

George Long · 1862· EN · Long

All those things at which thou wishest to arrive by a circuitous road, EXERCISEthou canst have now, if thou dost not refuse them to thyself. And this means, if thou wilt take no notice of all the past, and trust the future to TERMprovidence, and direct TERMthe present only conformably to piety and TERMjustice. Conformably to piety, DOGMAthat thou mayest be content with the lot which is assigned to thee, for TERMnature designed it for thee and thee for it. Conformably to TERMjustice, that thou mayest always speak the truth freely and without disguise, and do the things which are agreeable to law and TERMaccording to the worth of each. And let neither another man's TERMwickedness hinder thee, nor TERMopinion nor voice, nor yet the sensations of the poor TERMflesh which has grown about thee; for the passive part will look to this. If then, EXERCISEwhatever the time may be when thou shalt be near to thy departure, neglecting everything else thou shalt respect only thy TERMruling faculty and TERMthe divinity within thee, and if thou shalt be afraid not because thou must some time cease to live, but DOGMAif thou shalt fear never to have begun to live according to nature- then thou wilt be a man worthy of the universe which has produced thee, and thou wilt cease to be a stranger in thy native land, and to wonder at things which happen daily as if they were something unexpected, and to be dependent on this or that.

Original · ancient Greek

Πάντα ἐκεῖνα, ἐφ’ ἃ διὰ περιόδου εὔχῃ ἐλθεῖν, ἤδη ἔχειν δύνασαι, ἐὰν μὴ σαυτῷ φθονῇς. τοῦτο δέ ἐστιν, ἐὰν πᾶν τὸ παρελθὸν καταλίπῃς καὶ τὸ μέλλον ἐπιτρέψῃς τῇ προνοίᾳ καὶ τὸ παρὸν μόνον ἀπευθύνῃς πρὸς ὁσιότητα καὶ δικαιοσύνην. ὁσιότητα μέν, ἵνα φιλῇς τὸ ἀπονεμόμενον· σοὶ γὰρ αὐτὸ ἡ φύσις ἔφερε καὶ σὲ τούτῳ· δικαιοσύνην δέ, ἵνα ἐλευθέρως καὶ χωρὶς περιπλοκῆς λέγῃς τε τἀληθῆ καὶ πράσσῃς τὰ κατὰ νόμον καὶ κατ’ ἀξίαν· μὴ ἐμποδίζῃ δέ σε μήτε κακία ἀλλοτρία μήτε ὑπόληψις μήτε φωνὴ μηδὲ μὴν αἴσθησις τοῦ περιτεθραμμένου σοι σαρκιδίου· ὄψεται γὰρ τὸ πάσχον.

ἐὰν οὖν, ὅτε δήποτε πρὸς ἐξόδῳ γένῃ, πάντα τὰ ἄλλα καταλιπὼν μόνον τὸ ἡγεμονικόν σου καὶ τὸ ἐν σοὶ θεῖον τιμήσῃς καὶ μὴ τὸ παύσεσθαί ποτε τοῦ ζῆν φοβηθῇς, ἀλλὰ τό γε μηδέποτε ἄρξασθαι κατὰ φύσιν ζῆν, ἔσῃ ἄνθρωπος ἄξιος τοῦ γεννήσαντος κόσμου καὶ παύσῃ ξένος ὢν τῆς πατρίδος καὶ θαυμάζων ὡς ἀπροσδόκητα τὰ καθ’ ἡμέραν γινόμενα καὶ κρεμάμενος ἐκ τοῦδε καὶ τοῦδε.

Leopold · Teubner 1908
Related14
Commentary

"Already now" — and who stands in the way. διὰ περιόδου — "by a circuit," the long way round; εὔχῃ — "you pray for." The book opens on the gap between praying and having: what you are reaching by a detour is available at once. And the obstacle is named in a single word — ἐὰν μὴ σαυτῷ φθονῇς, "if you do not envy yourself." Φθονέω does not mean "to be unkind" but to grudge, to refuse out of envy: a man stands between himself and his own good like a miser over goods not his. Neither Rogovin ("if only you will be well-disposed toward yourself") nor Long ("dost not refuse them to thyself") keeps the edge — in Marcus you are your own begrudger.

Three times, three different dispositions. The formula is extremely spare, and its verbs are not interchangeable: the past is to be left (καταλίπῃς), the future handed over to providence (ἐπιτρέψῃς τῇ TERMπρονοίᾳ), the present straightened (ἀπευθύνῃς — as one straightens what is bent). The past is not workable, the future is not your department, and only TERMthe present takes correction. Cf. 9.6, where the same division is folded into a triad: "the present opinion apprehending, the present act social, the present disposition content."

Piety and justice are the names of disciplines. The pair ὁσιότης / TERMδικαιοσύνη is decoded on the spot. Piety is loving what is allotted (DOGMAφιλεῖν τὸ ἀπονεμόμενον) — the discipline of desire; the same verb ἀπονέμω stands in 4.25 and 5.27. Justice is to speak the truth without wrapping (χωρὶς περιπλοκῆς — literally "without a winding round") and to act κατὰ νόμον καὶ TERMκατ’ ἀξίαν — the discipline of action; on apportionment "by worth" as nature's own work, 8.7. The same pair, more briefly, in 4.18: look only at what is your own, "that it may itself be δίκαιον καὶ ὅσιον."

An obstacle referred to another department. The list of hindrances — another's TERMκακία, another's TERMopinion, another's voice — closes on something unexpected: and the sensation of one's own body. And at once a referral: ὄψεται γὰρ τὸ πάσχον, "for the part that suffers will see to it." The body is neither denied nor despised — it is declared a separate authority with its own competence; cf. 7.16, where the σωμάτιον looks after its own not being hurt.

What exactly to fear. The close inverts the ordinary fear: not that you will one day cease to live, but that you have never begun to live according to nature. The three consequences that follow are all about the same thing — being at home in the world: you will cease to be a ξένος in your own native land (for Marcus the stranger is the man who does not know what happens in the cosmos, 4.29; cf. 12.13: "how ridiculous and what a stranger is he who is surprised at anything that happens in life"), you will cease to wonder at the daily as if it were unheard of, and you will cease to hang on this and that. κρεμάμενος is the image of a suspended weight, not of a marionette: the strings come later, in 12.19. The governing discipline is desire, the sustaining one action.

DisciplineDiscipline of desire
Record added2026-07-16
Statuspublished