MED. 8.31Discipline of desire
George Long · 1862EN · Long

PERSONAugustus'1 court, wife, daughter, descendants, ancestors, sister, Agrippa, kinsmen, intimates, friends, Areius, Maecenas, physicians and sacrificing priests- EXERCISEthe whole court is dead. Then turn to the rest, not considering the death of a single man, but of a whole race, as of the Pompeii; and that which is inscribed on the tombs- The last of his race. Then consider what trouble those before them have had that they might leave a successor; and then, that of necessity some one must be the last. Again here consider the death of a whole race.

Original · ancient Greek

Αὐλὴ Αὐγούστου, γυνή, θυγάτηρ, ἔγγονοι, πρόγονοι, ἀδελφή, Ἀγρίππας, συγγενεῖς, οἰκεῖοι, φίλοι, Ἄρειος, Μαικήνας, ἰατροί, θύται· ὅλης αὐλῆς θάνατος. εἶτα ἔπιθι τὰς ἄλλας . . . μὴ καθ’ ἑνὸς ἀνθρώπου θάνατον, οἷον Πομπηίων. κἀκεῖνο δὲ τὸ ἐπιγραφόμενον τοῖς μνήμασιν· ἔσχατος τοῦ ἰδίου γένους, ἐπιλογίζεσθαι πόσα ἐσπάσθησαν οἱ πρὸ αὐτῶν, ἵνα διάδοχόν τινα καταλίπωσιν, εἶτα ἀνάγκη ἔσχατόν τινα γενέσθαι· πάλιν ὧδε ὅλου γένους θάνατον.

Leopold · Teubner 1908
Commentary

The death of a whole court. Another roll-call of the dead (EXERCISEthe memory of death), but scaled up: not single persons, as in 8.25, but the whole court (ὅλη αὐλή) of the first princeps — wife, daughter, kin, friends, the famous counsellors (Agrippa, Areius, Maecenas), physicians, diviners. The most brilliant circle of the empire has "died" entire (ὅλης αὐλῆς θάνατος).

From the person to the race. Marcus raises the scale: "turn to the others — not the death of a single man, like the Pompeys" (οἷον Πομπηίων), but the death of a race. Hence the epitaph "the last of his line" (ἔσχατος τοῦ ἰδίου γένους): however much the ancestors laboured "to leave a successor" (διάδοχον καταλιπεῖν), someone of necessity proves the last, and then the whole race dies (ὅλου γένους θάνατος). The diminishment by lineage overlays the temporal one (8.21 — the whole earth a point; 8.5 — "nowhere," like Hadrian and Augustus). There are no term-lemmata in the text. The governing discipline is desire (to accept the mortality of even the greatest houses).

DisciplineDiscipline of desire
Record added2026-07-16
Statuspublished
Discipline of desire

George Long · 1862· EN · Long

PERSONAugustus'1 court, wife, daughter, descendants, ancestors, sister, Agrippa, kinsmen, intimates, friends, Areius, Maecenas, physicians and sacrificing priests- EXERCISEthe whole court is dead. Then turn to the rest, not considering the death of a single man, but of a whole race, as of the Pompeii; and that which is inscribed on the tombs- The last of his race. Then consider what trouble those before them have had that they might leave a successor; and then, that of necessity some one must be the last. Again here consider the death of a whole race.

Original · ancient Greek

Αὐλὴ Αὐγούστου, γυνή, θυγάτηρ, ἔγγονοι, πρόγονοι, ἀδελφή, Ἀγρίππας, συγγενεῖς, οἰκεῖοι, φίλοι, Ἄρειος, Μαικήνας, ἰατροί, θύται· ὅλης αὐλῆς θάνατος. εἶτα ἔπιθι τὰς ἄλλας . . . μὴ καθ’ ἑνὸς ἀνθρώπου θάνατον, οἷον Πομπηίων. κἀκεῖνο δὲ τὸ ἐπιγραφόμενον τοῖς μνήμασιν· ἔσχατος τοῦ ἰδίου γένους, ἐπιλογίζεσθαι πόσα ἐσπάσθησαν οἱ πρὸ αὐτῶν, ἵνα διάδοχόν τινα καταλίπωσιν, εἶτα ἀνάγκη ἔσχατόν τινα γενέσθαι· πάλιν ὧδε ὅλου γένους θάνατον.

Leopold · Teubner 1908
Marginalia1
Related2
Commentary

The death of a whole court. Another roll-call of the dead (EXERCISEthe memory of death), but scaled up: not single persons, as in 8.25, but the whole court (ὅλη αὐλή) of the first princeps — wife, daughter, kin, friends, the famous counsellors (Agrippa, Areius, Maecenas), physicians, diviners. The most brilliant circle of the empire has "died" entire (ὅλης αὐλῆς θάνατος).

From the person to the race. Marcus raises the scale: "turn to the others — not the death of a single man, like the Pompeys" (οἷον Πομπηίων), but the death of a race. Hence the epitaph "the last of his line" (ἔσχατος τοῦ ἰδίου γένους): however much the ancestors laboured "to leave a successor" (διάδοχον καταλιπεῖν), someone of necessity proves the last, and then the whole race dies (ὅλου γένους θάνατος). The diminishment by lineage overlays the temporal one (8.21 — the whole earth a point; 8.5 — "nowhere," like Hadrian and Augustus). There are no term-lemmata in the text. The governing discipline is desire (to accept the mortality of even the greatest houses).

DisciplineDiscipline of desire
Record added2026-07-16
Statuspublished