MED. 8.25Discipline of desire
George Long · 1862EN · Long

Lucilla1 saw Verus die, and then Lucilla died. Secunda saw PERSONMaximus die, and then Secunda died. Epitynchanus saw Diotimus die, and then Epitynchanus died. PERSONAntoninus saw PERSONFaustina die, and then Antoninus died. Such is everything. Celer saw PERSONHadrian die, and then Celer died. And those sharp-witted men, either seers or men inflated with pride, where are they? For instance the sharp-witted men, Charax and Demetrius the Platonist2 and Eudaemon, and any one else like them. All ephemeral, dead long ago. Some indeed have not been remembered even for a short time, and others have become the heroes of fables, and again others have disappeared even from fables. EXERCISERemember this then, that this little compound, thyself, must either be dissolved, or thy poor breath must be extinguished, or be removed and placed elsewhere.

Original · ancient Greek

Λούκιλλα Οὐῆρον, εἶτα Λούκιλλα· Σέκουνδα Μάξιμον, εἶτα Σέκουνδα· Ἐπιτύγχανος Διότιμον, εἶτα Ἐπιτύγχανος· Φαυστῖναν Ἀντωνῖνος, εἶτα Ἀντωνῖνος. τοιαῦτα πάντα· Κέλερ Ἁδριανόν, εἶτα Κέλερ. οἱ δὲ δριμεῖς ἐκεῖνοι ἢ προγνωστικοὶ ἢ τετυφωμένοι ποῦ; οἷον, δριμεῖς μὲν Χάραξ καὶ Δημήτριος ὁ Πλατωνικὸς καὶ Εὐδαίμων καὶ εἴ τις τοιοῦτος. πάντα ἐφήμερα, τεθνηκότα πάλαι· ἔνιοι μὲν οὐδὲ ἐπ’ ὀλίγον μνημονευθέντες, οἱ δὲ εἰς μύθους μεταβαλόντες, οἱ δὲ ἤδη καὶ ἐκ μύθων ἐξίτηλοι. τούτων οὖν μεμνῆσθαι ὅτι δεήσει ἤτοι σκεδασθῆναι τὸ συγκριμάτιόν σου ἢ σβεσθῆναι τὸ πνευμάτιον ἢ μεταστῆναι καὶ ἀλλαχοῦ καταταχθῆναι.

Leopold · Teubner 1908
Commentary

A roll-call of the buriers. The passage is a file of pairs on a rigid formula, "A buried B, then A too" (Λούκιλλα Οὐῆρον, εἶτα Λούκιλλα…): Lucilla and Verus, Secunda and Maximus, Epitynchanus and Diotimus, PERSONAntoninus and Faustina, Celer and Hadrian. He who yesterday stood at another's deathbed is tomorrow on his own; the mourner becomes the mourned. Marcus takes the faces of his own circle — kin, courtiers, recent sovereigns — so that death ceases to be an abstraction: it has already passed through these very names.

Where the "keen wits" went. The second move goes from the powerful to the famed: "where are those keen (δριμεῖς) — the seers or the proud?" Named are Charax, Demetrius the Platonist, Eudaemon — recent celebrities of intellect. The answer is annihilating: "all ephemeral, dead long ago" (πάντα ἐφήμερα, τεθνηκότα πάλαι); some not remembered even a little while, others "turned into fables" (εἰς μύθους), others "faded even from the fables" (ἐκ μύθων ἐξίτηλοι) — three grades of oblivion, below which there is nothing.

The conclusion about oneself. Hence EXERCISEthe memory of death in pure form: "remember that you too are bound" for one of three — "the compound to be scattered" (σκεδασθῆναι τὸ συγκριμάτιον), "the breath to be quenched" (σβεσθῆναι τὸ πνευμάτιον), or "to move on and be stationed elsewhere" (μεταστῆναι). The diminutives συγκριμάτιον/πνευμάτιον ("little compound," "little breath") deflate the "I": what fears death is a small clot of elements and a bit of air. The threefold fork is the standard disjunction on death (cf. 7.32; the dispersal of atoms or elements), and all its outcomes are harmless. The roll-call of the dead is a recurring device of the book (cf. 06-47; 07-19 — "How many a Chrysippus, how many a Socrates, how many an Epictetus has time already swallowed up!"). There are no term-lemmata in the text (πνευμάτιον is a diminutive, not the lemma πνεῦμα). The governing discipline is desire (to accept one's end), the sustaining one assent (not to judge death an evil).

DisciplineDiscipline of desire
Record added2026-07-16
Statuspublished
Discipline of desire

George Long · 1862· EN · Long

Lucilla1 saw Verus die, and then Lucilla died. Secunda saw PERSONMaximus die, and then Secunda died. Epitynchanus saw Diotimus die, and then Epitynchanus died. PERSONAntoninus saw PERSONFaustina die, and then Antoninus died. Such is everything. Celer saw PERSONHadrian die, and then Celer died. And those sharp-witted men, either seers or men inflated with pride, where are they? For instance the sharp-witted men, Charax and Demetrius the Platonist2 and Eudaemon, and any one else like them. All ephemeral, dead long ago. Some indeed have not been remembered even for a short time, and others have become the heroes of fables, and again others have disappeared even from fables. EXERCISERemember this then, that this little compound, thyself, must either be dissolved, or thy poor breath must be extinguished, or be removed and placed elsewhere.

Original · ancient Greek

Λούκιλλα Οὐῆρον, εἶτα Λούκιλλα· Σέκουνδα Μάξιμον, εἶτα Σέκουνδα· Ἐπιτύγχανος Διότιμον, εἶτα Ἐπιτύγχανος· Φαυστῖναν Ἀντωνῖνος, εἶτα Ἀντωνῖνος. τοιαῦτα πάντα· Κέλερ Ἁδριανόν, εἶτα Κέλερ. οἱ δὲ δριμεῖς ἐκεῖνοι ἢ προγνωστικοὶ ἢ τετυφωμένοι ποῦ; οἷον, δριμεῖς μὲν Χάραξ καὶ Δημήτριος ὁ Πλατωνικὸς καὶ Εὐδαίμων καὶ εἴ τις τοιοῦτος. πάντα ἐφήμερα, τεθνηκότα πάλαι· ἔνιοι μὲν οὐδὲ ἐπ’ ὀλίγον μνημονευθέντες, οἱ δὲ εἰς μύθους μεταβαλόντες, οἱ δὲ ἤδη καὶ ἐκ μύθων ἐξίτηλοι. τούτων οὖν μεμνῆσθαι ὅτι δεήσει ἤτοι σκεδασθῆναι τὸ συγκριμάτιόν σου ἢ σβεσθῆναι τὸ πνευμάτιον ἢ μεταστῆναι καὶ ἀλλαχοῦ καταταχθῆναι.

Leopold · Teubner 1908
Marginalia2
Related7
EXERCISEMeditatio mortis — living under the sign of "as one already dying"PERSONAntoninus Pius (T. Aurelius Fulvus Boionius Arrius Antoninus; as emperor, Imperator Caesar T. Aelius Hadrianus Antoninus Augustus Pius)Roman emperor 138–161, the adoptive father of Marcus and his immediate political predecessor; the central biographical figure of Book I (the extended portrait in Med. 1.16, the longest in Book I); for Marcus, the principal visible exemplar of the moral legitimacy of a rulerPERSONClaudius Maximusone of the principal Stoic teachers of Marcus (listed in the canonical catalogue of teachers in SHA *Marcus*, ch. 3); suffect consul and afterwards proconsul of Africa; presided over the famous trial of Apuleius at Sabratha (approximately 158/159) — which gives us the **only** independent contemporary (non-Marcus) developed testimony to his character; the central text in Marcus is Med. 1.15, one of the most developed characterological portraits in Book IPERSONDomitia Lucilla (the Younger)mother of Marcus Aurelius; daughter of P. Calvisius Tullus Ruso (consul 109) and Domitia Lucilla Maior; heiress of an enormous fortune that included the Roman brick-works *figlinae Domitiae Lucillae*; patroness of Greek philosophers and rhetoriciansPERSONFaustina the Elderwife of Antoninus Pius; paternal aunt of Marcus Aurelius; mother of Faustina the Younger (Marcus's wife)PERSONHadrianRoman emperor (117–138); adoptive "grandfather" of Marcus by the adoption chain (Hadrian → Antoninus Pius → Marcus); in Marcus, the standing exemplum of the vanity of imperial powerPERSONMarcus Annius Verus the Youngerfather of Marcus Aurelius; son of M. Annius Verus the elder; Roman senator, praetor, died young when Marcus was about three years old
Commentary

A roll-call of the buriers. The passage is a file of pairs on a rigid formula, "A buried B, then A too" (Λούκιλλα Οὐῆρον, εἶτα Λούκιλλα…): Lucilla and Verus, Secunda and Maximus, Epitynchanus and Diotimus, PERSONAntoninus and Faustina, Celer and Hadrian. He who yesterday stood at another's deathbed is tomorrow on his own; the mourner becomes the mourned. Marcus takes the faces of his own circle — kin, courtiers, recent sovereigns — so that death ceases to be an abstraction: it has already passed through these very names.

Where the "keen wits" went. The second move goes from the powerful to the famed: "where are those keen (δριμεῖς) — the seers or the proud?" Named are Charax, Demetrius the Platonist, Eudaemon — recent celebrities of intellect. The answer is annihilating: "all ephemeral, dead long ago" (πάντα ἐφήμερα, τεθνηκότα πάλαι); some not remembered even a little while, others "turned into fables" (εἰς μύθους), others "faded even from the fables" (ἐκ μύθων ἐξίτηλοι) — three grades of oblivion, below which there is nothing.

The conclusion about oneself. Hence EXERCISEthe memory of death in pure form: "remember that you too are bound" for one of three — "the compound to be scattered" (σκεδασθῆναι τὸ συγκριμάτιον), "the breath to be quenched" (σβεσθῆναι τὸ πνευμάτιον), or "to move on and be stationed elsewhere" (μεταστῆναι). The diminutives συγκριμάτιον/πνευμάτιον ("little compound," "little breath") deflate the "I": what fears death is a small clot of elements and a bit of air. The threefold fork is the standard disjunction on death (cf. 7.32; the dispersal of atoms or elements), and all its outcomes are harmless. The roll-call of the dead is a recurring device of the book (cf. 06-47; 07-19 — "How many a Chrysippus, how many a Socrates, how many an Epictetus has time already swallowed up!"). There are no term-lemmata in the text (πνευμάτιον is a diminutive, not the lemma πνεῦμα). The governing discipline is desire (to accept one's end), the sustaining one assent (not to judge death an evil).

DisciplineDiscipline of desire
Record added2026-07-16
Statuspublished