MED. 8.39Discipline of desire
George Long · 1862EN · Long

In the constitution of the rational animal I see no TERMvirtue which is opposed to TERMjustice; but I see a virtue which is opposed to love of TERMpleasure, and that is temperance.

Original · ancient Greek

Δικαιοσύνης κατεξαναστατικὴν ἀρετὴν οὐχ ὁρῶ ἐν τῇ τοῦ λογικοῦ ζῴου κατασκευῇ, ἡδονῆς δὲ ὁρῶ τὴν ἐγκράτειαν.

Leopold · Teubner 1908
Commentary

Justice has no opponent. A fine observation from "the constitution of the rational animal" (ἡ τοῦ λογικοῦ ζῴου κατασκευή): in it there is no TERMvirtue "rising up against" (κατεξαναστατική) TERMjustice. In other words, justice needs no curber: it is not a passion to be reined in but the very orientation of rational nature toward the common. No built-in power pulls the rational being away from justice as from something excessive.

Pleasure has one. The asymmetry: against TERMpleasure (ἡδονή) such a counter-virtue does exist — "self-control" (ἐγκράτεια). This means that ἡδονή by its nature can draw one past the mark, and so requires a special restraining power; justice does not, for one cannot strive "too much" toward the common good. The conclusion fits the Stoic hierarchy: pleasure is no good (8.10), and the rational constitution is furnished with a defence against it precisely, not against virtue. The strict terms by the word are δικαιοσύνη, ἀρετή, ἡδονή; ἐγκράτεια is uncarded (not established in the corpus). The governing discipline is desire (self-control against pleasure), the sustaining one action (justice toward the common).

DisciplineDiscipline of desire
Record added2026-07-16
Statuspublished
Discipline of desire

George Long · 1862· EN · Long

In the constitution of the rational animal I see no TERMvirtue which is opposed to TERMjustice; but I see a virtue which is opposed to love of TERMpleasure, and that is temperance.

Original · ancient Greek

Δικαιοσύνης κατεξαναστατικὴν ἀρετὴν οὐχ ὁρῶ ἐν τῇ τοῦ λογικοῦ ζῴου κατασκευῇ, ἡδονῆς δὲ ὁρῶ τὴν ἐγκράτειαν.

Leopold · Teubner 1908
Related3
Commentary

Justice has no opponent. A fine observation from "the constitution of the rational animal" (ἡ τοῦ λογικοῦ ζῴου κατασκευή): in it there is no TERMvirtue "rising up against" (κατεξαναστατική) TERMjustice. In other words, justice needs no curber: it is not a passion to be reined in but the very orientation of rational nature toward the common. No built-in power pulls the rational being away from justice as from something excessive.

Pleasure has one. The asymmetry: against TERMpleasure (ἡδονή) such a counter-virtue does exist — "self-control" (ἐγκράτεια). This means that ἡδονή by its nature can draw one past the mark, and so requires a special restraining power; justice does not, for one cannot strive "too much" toward the common good. The conclusion fits the Stoic hierarchy: pleasure is no good (8.10), and the rational constitution is furnished with a defence against it precisely, not against virtue. The strict terms by the word are δικαιοσύνη, ἀρετή, ἡδονή; ἐγκράτεια is uncarded (not established in the corpus). The governing discipline is desire (self-control against pleasure), the sustaining one action (justice toward the common).

DisciplineDiscipline of desire
Record added2026-07-16
Statuspublished